The maxims of jurisprudence hereinafter set forth are intended not to qualify any of the foregoing provisions of this code, but to aid in their just application.

When the reason of a rule ceases, so should the rule itself.

Where the reason is the same, the rule should be the same.

One shall not change their purpose to the injury of another.

Any one may waive the advantage of a law intended solely for their benefit. But a law established for a public reason cannot be contravened by a private agreement.

One must so use his own rights as not to infringe upon the rights of another.

A person who consents to an act is not wronged by it.

Acquiescence in error takes away the right of objecting to it.

No one can take advantage of their own wrong.

A person who has fraudulently dispossessed themselves of a thing may be treated as if they still had possession.

A person who can and does not forbid that which is done on their behalf, is deemed to have bidden it.

No one should suffer by the act of another.

A person who takes the benefit must bear the burden.

One who grants a thing is presumed to grant also whatever is essential to its use.

For every wrong there is a remedy.

Between those who are equally in the right, or equally in the wrong, the law does not interpose.

Between rights otherwise equal, the earliest is preferred.

No person is responsible for that which no person can control.

The law helps the vigilant, before those who sleep on their rights.

The law respects form less than substance.

That which ought to have been done is to be regarded as done, in favor of a person to whom, and against a person from whom, performance is due.

That which does not appear to exist is to be regarded as if it did not exist.

The law never requires impossibilities.

The law neither does nor requires idle acts.

The law disregards trifles.

Particular expressions qualify those which are general.

Contemporaneous exposition is in general the best.

The greater contains the less.

Superfluity does not vitiate.

That is certain which can be made certain.

Time does not confirm a void act.

The incident follows the principal, and not the principal the incident.

An interpretation which gives effect is preferred to one which makes void.

Interpretation must be reasonable.

Where one of two innocent persons must suffer by the act of a third, the person, by whose negligence it happened, must be the sufferer.

Private transactions are fair and regular.

Things happen according to the ordinary course of nature and the ordinary habits of life.

A thing continues to exist as long as is usual with things of that nature.

The law has been obeyed.