Chapter 4 - Rights of Third Parties

California Commercial Code — §§ 9401-9409

Sections (9)

Repealed and added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991, Sec. 35. Effective January 1, 2000. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 75 of Ch. 991 and Section 9701.

(a)Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) and in Sections 9406, 9407, 9408, and 9409, whether a debtor’s rights in collateral may be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred is governed by law other than this division.

(b)An agreement between the debtor and secured party which prohibits a transfer of the debtor’s rights in collateral or makes the transfer a default does not prevent the transfer from taking effect.

§ 9402

Repealed and added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991, Sec. 35. Effective January 1, 2000. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 75 of Ch. 991 and Section 9701.

The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not subject a secured party to liability in contract or tort for the debtor’s acts or omissions.

§ 9403

Repealed (by Sec. 19) and added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1003, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 2001. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 56 of Ch. 1003.

(a)In this section, “value” has the meaning provided in subdivision (a) of Section 3303.

(b)Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or defense that the account debtor may have against the assignor is enforceable by an assignee that takes an assignment that satisfies all of the following conditions:

(1)It is taken for value.

(2)It is taken in good faith.

(3)It is taken without notice of a claim of a property or possessory right to the property assigned.

(4)It is taken without notice of a defense or claim in recoupment of the type that may be asserted against a person entitled to enforce a negotiable instrument under subdivision (a) of Section 3305.

(c)Subdivision (b) does not apply to defenses of a type that may be asserted against a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument under subdivision (b) of Section 3305.

(d)In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor’s obligation, law other than this division requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the rights of an assignee are subject to claims or defenses that the account debtor could assert against the original obligee, and the record does not include such a statement, then both of the following apply:

(1)The record has the same effect as if the record included such a statement.

(2)The account debtor may assert against an assignee those claims and defenses that would have been available if the record included such a statement.

(e)This section is subject to law other than this division which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(f)Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), this section does not displace law other than this division which gives effect to an agreement by an account debtor not to assert a claim or defense against an assignee.

§ 9404

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 210, Sec. 56. (SB 95) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and subject to subdivisions (b) to (e), inclusive, the rights of an assignee are subject to both of the following:

(1)All terms of the agreement between the account debtor and assignor and any defense or claim in recoupment arising from the transaction that gave rise to the contract.

(2)Any other defense or claim of the account debtor against the assignor which accrues before the account debtor receives a notification of the assignment signed by the assignor or the assignee.

(b)Subject to subdivision (c) and except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), the claim of an account debtor against an assignor may be asserted against an assignee under subdivision (a) only to reduce the amount the account debtor owes.

(c)This section is subject to law other than this division which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(d)In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor’s obligation, law other than this division requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the account debtor’s recovery against an assignee with respect to claims and defenses against

the assignor may not exceed amounts paid by the account debtor under the record, and the record does not include such a statement, the extent to which a claim of an account debtor against the assignor may be asserted against an assignee is determined as if the record included such a statement.

(e)This section does not apply to an assignment of a health care insurance receivable.

§ 9405

Repealed (by Sec. 25) and added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1003, Sec. 26. Effective January 1, 2001. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 56 of Ch. 1003.

(a)A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if made in good faith. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the modified or substituted contract. The assignment may provide that the modification or substitution is a breach of contract by the assignor. This subdivision is subject to subdivisions (b) to (d), inclusive.

(b)Subdivision (a) applies to the extent that either of the following apply:

(1)The right to payment or a part thereof under an assigned contract has not been fully earned by performance.

(2)The right to payment or a part thereof has been fully earned by performance and the account debtor has not received notification of the assignment under subdivision (a) of Section 9406.

(d)This section does not apply to an assignment of a health care insurance receivable.

§ 9406

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 210, Sec. 57. (SB 95) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Subject to subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, and (l), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after, the account debtor receives a notification, signed by the assignor or the assignee, that the amount due or to become due has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the assignee. After receipt of the notification, the account debtor may discharge its obligation by paying the assignee and may not discharge the obligation by paying the assignor.

(b)Subject to subdivisions (h) and (l), notification is ineffective under subdivision (a) as follows:

(1)If it does not reasonably identify the rights assigned.

(2)To the extent that an agreement between an account debtor and a seller of a payment intangible limits the account debtor’s duty to pay a person other than the seller and the limitation is effective under law other than this division.

(3)At the option of an account debtor, if the notification notifies the account debtor to make less than the full amount of any installment or other periodic payment to the assignee, even if any of the following conditions is satisfied:

(A)Only a portion of the account, chattel paper, or payment intangible has been assigned to that assignee.

(B)A portion has been assigned to another assignee.

(C)The account debtor knows that the assignment to that assignee is limited.

(c)Subject to subdivisions (h) and (l), if requested by the account debtor, an assignee shall seasonably furnish reasonable proof that the assignment has been made. Unless the assignee complies, the account debtor may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor, even if the account debtor has received a notification under subdivision (a).

(d)In this subdivision, “promissory note” includes a negotiable instrument that evidences chattel paper. Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (e) and (k) and in Sections 9407

and 10303, and subject to subdivision (h), a term in an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor or in a promissory note is ineffective to the extent that it does either of the following:

(1)Prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the account debtor or person obligated on the promissory note to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, the account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note.

(2)Provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the account, chattel paper, payment intangible,

or promissory note.

(e)Subdivision (d) does not apply to the sale of a payment intangible or promissory note, other than a sale pursuant to a disposition under Section 9610 or an acceptance of collateral under Section 9620.

(f)Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (k) and Sections 9407 and 10303, and subject to subdivisions (h) and (i), a rule of law, statute, or regulation, that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or creation of a security interest in, an account or chattel paper is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation does either of the following:

(1)Prohibits,

restricts, or requires the consent of the government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or

enforcement of a security interest in, the account or chattel paper.

(g)Subject to subdivisions (h) and (l), an account debtor may not waive or vary its option under paragraph (3) of subdivision (b).

(h)This section is subject to law other than this division which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(i)This section does not apply to an assignment of a health care insurance receivable.

(j)Subdivision (f) does not apply to an assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, a claim or right to receive compensation for injuries or sickness as described in paragraph (1) or (2) of

subsection (a) of Section 104 of Title 26 of the United States Code, as amended, or a claim or right to receive benefits under a special needs trust as described in paragraph (4) of subsection (d) of Section 1396p of Title 42 of the United States Code, as amended, to the extent that subdivision (f) is inconsistent with those laws.

(k)Subdivisions (d), (f), and (j) do not apply to a security interest in an ownership interest in a general partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability company.

(l)Subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, and (g) do not apply to a controllable account or controllable payment intangible.

§ 9407

Amended (as to be added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991) by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1003, Sec. 30. Effective January 1, 2001. Addition and amendment operative July 1, 2001, by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991, Sec. 75, and Stats. 2000, Ch. 1003, Sec. 56.

(a)Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to the extent that it does either of the following:

(1)Prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, an interest of a party under the lease contract or in the lessor’s residual interest in the goods.

(b)Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (g) of Section 10303, a term described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) is effective to the extent that there is either of the following:

(1)A transfer by the lessee of the lessee’s right of possession or use of the goods in violation of the term.

(2)A delegation of a material performance of either party to the lease contract in violation of the term.

(c)The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the lessor’s interest under the lease contract or the lessor’s residual interest in the goods is not a transfer that materially impairs the lessee’s prospect of obtaining return performance or materially changes the duty of or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on the lessee within the purview of subdivision (d) of Section 10303 unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the lessor.

§ 9408

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 210, Sec. 58. (SB 95) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (f), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor that relates to a health care insurance receivable or a general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise, and which term prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to, the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in, the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible, is ineffective to the extent that the term does, or would do, either of the following:

(1)It would

impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest.

(2)It provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible.

(b)Subdivision (a) applies to a security interest in a payment intangible or promissory note only if the security interest arises out of a sale of the payment intangible or promissory note, other than a sale pursuant to a disposition under Section 9610 or an acceptance of collateral under Section 9620.

(c)Except as otherwise provided in

subdivision (f), a rule of law, statute, or regulation that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, person obligated on a promissory note, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation of a security interest in, a promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise between an account debtor and a debtor, is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation does, or would do, either of the following:

(1)It would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest.

(2)It provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to

a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible.

(d)To the extent that a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor that relates to a health care insurance receivable or general intangible or a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subdivision (c) would be effective under law other than this division but is ineffective under subdivision (a) or (c), the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible is subject to all of the following rules:

(1)It is not enforceable against the person obligated on the promissory

note or the account debtor.

(2)It does not impose a duty or obligation on the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor.

(3)It does not require the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or performance from the secured party.

(4)It does not entitle the secured party to use or assign the debtor’s rights under the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible, including any related information or materials furnished to the debtor in the transaction giving rise to the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible.

(5)It does not entitle the secured party to use, assign, possess, or have access to any trade secrets or confidential information of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor.

(6)It does not entitle the secured party to enforce the security interest in the promissory note, health care insurance receivable, or general intangible.

(e)Subdivision (c) does not apply to an assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, a claim or right to receive compensation for injuries or sickness as described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of Section 104 of Title 26 of the United States Code, as amended, or a claim or right to receive benefits under

a special needs trust as described in paragraph (4) of

subsection (d) of Section 1396p of Title 42 of the United States Code, as amended, to the extent that subdivision (c) is inconsistent with those laws.

(f)This section does not apply to a security interest in an ownership interest in a general partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability company.

(g)In this section, “promissory note” includes a negotiable instrument that evidences chattel paper.

§ 9409

Repealed (by Sec. 33) and added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1003, Sec. 34. Effective January 1, 2001. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 56 of Ch. 1003.

(a)A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated person to a beneficiary’s assignment of or creation of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right is ineffective to the extent that the term or rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice does, or would do, either of the following:

(1)It would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right.

(2)It provides that the assignment or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the letter-of-credit right.

(b)To the extent that a term in a letter of credit is ineffective under subdivision (a) but would be effective under law other than this division or a custom or practice applicable to the letter of credit, to the transfer of a right to draw or otherwise demand performance under the letter of credit, or to the assignment of a right to proceeds of the letter of credit, all of the following rules apply with respect to the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right:

(1)It is not enforceable against the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary.

(2)It imposes no duties or obligations on the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary.

(3)It does not require the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or other performance from the secured party.