California Legal Codes and Statutes

Chapter 2 - Mediation

California Evidence Code — §§ 1115-1129

Sections (15)

§ 1115

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

For purposes of this chapter:

(a)“Mediation” means a process in which a neutral person or persons facilitate communication between the disputants to assist them in reaching a mutually acceptable agreement.
(b)“Mediator” means a neutral person who conducts a mediation. “Mediator” includes any person designated by a mediator either to assist in the mediation or to communicate with the participants in preparation for a mediation.
(c)“Mediation consultation” means a communication between a person and a mediator for the purpose of initiating, considering, or reconvening a mediation or retaining the mediator.
§ 1116

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

(a)Nothing in this chapter expands or limits a court’s authority to order participation in a dispute resolution proceeding. Nothing in this chapter authorizes or affects the enforceability of a contract clause in which parties agree to the use of mediation.
(b)Nothing in this chapter makes admissible evidence that is inadmissible under Section 1152 or any other statute.
§ 1117

Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 130, Sec. 84. Effective January 1, 2008.

(a)Except as provided in subdivision (b), this chapter applies to a mediation as defined in Section 1115.
(b)This chapter does not apply to either of the following:
(1)A proceeding under Part 1 (commencing with Section 1800) of Division 5 of the Family Code or Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 3160) of Part 2 of Division 8 of the Family Code.
(2)A settlement conference pursuant to Rule 3.1380 of the California Rules of Court.
§ 1118

Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 328, Sec. 64. (SB 1330) Effective January 1, 2011.

An oral agreement “in accordance with Section 1118” means an oral agreement that satisfies all of the following conditions:

(a)The oral agreement is recorded by a court reporter or reliable means of audio recording.
(b)The terms of the oral agreement are recited on the record in the presence of the parties and the mediator, and the parties express on the record that they agree to the terms recited.
(c)The parties to the oral agreement expressly state on the record that the agreement is enforceable or binding, or words to that effect.
(d)The recording

is reduced to writing and the writing is signed by the parties within 72 hours after it is recorded.

§ 1119

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter:

(a)No evidence of anything said or any admission made for the purpose of, in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation or a mediation consultation is admissible or subject to discovery, and disclosure of the evidence shall not be compelled, in any arbitration, administrative adjudication, civil action, or other noncriminal proceeding in which, pursuant to law, testimony can be compelled to be given.
(b)No writing, as defined in Section 250, that is prepared for the purpose of, in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation or a mediation consultation, is admissible or subject to discovery, and disclosure of the writing shall not be compelled, in any arbitration, administrative adjudication, civil action, or other noncriminal proceeding in which, pursuant to law, testimony can be compelled to be given.
(c)All communications, negotiations, or settlement discussions by and between participants in the course of a mediation or a mediation consultation shall remain confidential.
§ 1120

Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 60, Sec. 1. (SB 217) Effective January 1, 2018.

(a)Evidence otherwise admissible or subject to discovery outside of a mediation or a mediation consultation shall not be or become inadmissible or protected from disclosure solely by reason of its introduction or use in a mediation or a mediation consultation.
(b)This chapter does not limit any of the following:
(1)The admissibility of an agreement to mediate a dispute.
(2)The effect of an agreement not to take a default or an agreement to extend the time within which to act or refrain from acting in a pending civil action.
(3)Disclosure of the mere fact that a mediator has served, is serving, will serve, or was contacted about serving as a mediator in a dispute.
(4)The admissibility of declarations of disclosure required by Sections 2104 and 2105 of the Family Code, even if prepared for the purpose of, in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation or a mediation consultation.
§ 1121

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

Neither a mediator nor anyone else may submit to a court or other adjudicative body, and a court or other adjudicative body may not consider, any report, assessment, evaluation, recommendation, or finding of any kind by the mediator concerning a mediation conducted by the mediator, other than a report that is mandated by court rule or other law and that states only whether an agreement was reached, unless all parties to the mediation expressly agree otherwise in writing, or orally in accordance with Section 1118.

§ 1122

Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 350, Sec. 1. (SB 954) Effective January 1, 2019.

(a)A communication or a writing, as defined in Section 250, that is made or prepared for the purpose of, or in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation or a mediation consultation, is not made inadmissible, or protected from disclosure, by provisions of this chapter if any of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1)All persons who conduct or otherwise participate in the mediation expressly agree in writing, or orally in accordance with Section 1118, to disclosure of the communication, document, or writing.
(2)The communication, document, or writing was prepared by or on behalf of fewer than all the mediation participants, those participants expressly

agree in writing, or orally in accordance with Section 1118, to its disclosure, and the communication, document, or writing does not disclose anything said or done or any admission made in the course of the mediation.

(3)The communication, document, or writing is related to an attorney’s compliance with the requirements described in Section 1129 and does not disclose anything said or done or any admission made in the course of the mediation, in which case the communication, document, or writing may be used in an attorney disciplinary proceeding to determine whether the attorney has complied with Section 1129.
(b)For purposes of subdivision (a), if the neutral person who conducts a mediation expressly agrees to disclosure, that agreement also binds any other person described in subdivision (b) of Section 1115.
§ 1123

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

A written settlement agreement prepared in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation, is not made inadmissible, or protected from disclosure, by provisions of this chapter if the agreement is signed by the settling parties and any of the following conditions are satisfied:

(a)The agreement provides that it is admissible or subject to disclosure, or words to that effect.
(b)The agreement provides that it is enforceable or binding or words to that effect.
(c)All parties to the agreement expressly agree in writing, or orally in accordance with Section 1118, to its disclosure.
(d)The agreement is used to show fraud, duress, or illegality that is relevant to an issue in dispute.
§ 1124

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

An oral agreement made in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation is not made inadmissible, or protected from disclosure, by the provisions of this chapter if any of the following conditions are satisfied:

(a)The agreement is in accordance with Section 1118.
(b)The agreement is in accordance with subdivisions (a), (b), and (d) of Section 1118, and all parties to the agreement expressly agree, in writing or orally in accordance with Section 1118, to disclosure of the agreement.
(c)The agreement is in accordance with subdivisions (a), (b), and (d) of Section 1118, and the agreement is used to show fraud, duress, or illegality that is relevant to an issue in dispute.
§ 1125

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

(a)For purposes of confidentiality under this chapter, a mediation ends when any one of the following conditions is satisfied:
(1)The parties execute a written settlement agreement that fully resolves the dispute.
(2)An oral agreement that fully resolves the dispute is reached in accordance with Section 1118.
(3)The mediator provides the mediation participants with a writing signed by the mediator that states that the mediation is terminated, or words to that effect, which shall be consistent with Section 1121.
(4)A party provides the mediator and the other mediation participants with a writing stating that the mediation is terminated, or words to that effect, which shall be consistent with Section 1121. In a mediation involving more than two parties, the mediation may continue as to the remaining parties or be terminated in accordance with this section.
(5)For 10 calendar days, there is no communication between the mediator and any of the parties to the mediation relating to the dispute. The mediator and the parties may shorten or extend this time by agreement.
(b)For purposes of confidentiality under this chapter, if a mediation partially resolves a dispute, mediation ends when either of the following conditions is satisfied:
(1)The parties execute a written settlement agreement that partially resolves the dispute.
(2)An oral agreement that partially resolves the dispute is reached in accordance with Section 1118.
(c)This section does not preclude a party from ending a mediation without reaching an agreement. This section does not otherwise affect the extent to which a party may terminate a mediation.
§ 1126

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

Anything said, any admission made, or any writing that is inadmissible, protected from disclosure, and confidential under this chapter before a mediation ends, shall remain inadmissible, protected from disclosure, and confidential to the same extent after the mediation ends.

§ 1127

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

If a person subpoenas or otherwise seeks to compel a mediator to testify or produce a writing, as defined in Section 250, and the court or other adjudicative body determines that the testimony or writing is inadmissible under this chapter, or protected from disclosure under this chapter, the court or adjudicative body making the determination shall award reasonable attorney’s fees and costs to the mediator against the person seeking the testimony or writing.

§ 1128

Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 772, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.

Any reference to a mediation during any subsequent trial is an irregularity in the proceedings of the trial for the purposes of Section 657 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Any reference to a mediation during any other subsequent noncriminal proceeding is grounds for vacating or modifying the decision in that proceeding, in whole or in part, and granting a new or further hearing on all or part of the issues, if the reference materially affected the substantial rights of the party requesting relief.

§ 1129

Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 350, Sec. 2. (SB 954) Effective January 1, 2019.

(a)Except in the case of a class or representative action, an attorney representing a client participating in a mediation or a mediation consultation shall, as soon as reasonably possible before the client agrees to participate in the mediation or mediation consultation, provide that client with a printed disclosure containing the confidentiality restrictions described in Section 1119 and obtain a printed acknowledgment signed by that client stating that he or she has read and understands the confidentiality restrictions.
(b)An attorney who is retained after an individual agrees to participate in the mediation or mediation consultation shall, as soon as reasonably possible after being retained, comply with the printed disclosure and

acknowledgment requirements described in subdivision (a).

(c)The printed disclosure required by subdivision (a) shall:
(1)Be printed in the preferred language of the client in at least 12-point font.
(2)Be printed on a single page that is not attached to any other document provided to the client.
(3)Include the names of the attorney and the client and be signed and dated by the attorney and the client.
(d)If the requirements in subdivision (c) are met, the following disclosure shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of subdivision (a):
(e)Failure of an attorney to comply with this section is not a basis to set aside an agreement prepared in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation.