California Legal Codes and Statutes

§ 1654

Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1120, Sec. 1.

In cases of uncertainty not removed by the preceding rules, the language of a contract should be interpreted most strongly against the party who caused the uncertainty to exist.

Cite this section

Cal. Civ. Code § 1654 (2026)
https://ca.codecond.com/codes/civ/division-3-obligations/part-2-contracts/title-3-interpretation-of-contracts/section-1654

Other sections in Title 3 - INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACTS

§ 1635§ 1636§ 1637§ 1638§ 1639§ 1640§ 1641§ 1642§ 1643§ 1644…§ 1656§ 1656.1§ 1656.5§ 1657§ 1657.1§ 1659§ 1660§ 1661§ 1662§ 1663

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