California CodesEvidence CodeDivision 1 - PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS AND CONSTRUCTION§ 11§ 11Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive.Cite this sectionCal. Evid. Code § 11 (2026)Copyhttps://ca.codecond.com/codes/evid/division-1-preliminary-provisions-and-construction/section-11CopyOther sections in Division 1 - PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS AND CONSTRUCTION§ 1§ 2§ 3§ 4§ 5§ 6§ 7§ 8§ 9§ 10§ 11§ 12← § 10§ 12 →