Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 1043, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 1999.
Article 2 - Regional Center Responsibilities
California Welfare and Institutions Code — §§ 4640-4659.2
Sections (56)
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 49, Sec. 18. (SB 188) Effective June 30, 2022.
coordinator-to-consumer ratios, as follows:
Community-based Services Waiver program for persons with developmental disabilities, an average service coordinator-to-consumer ratio of 1 to 62.
(ii) All of the consumer’s identified service needs have been thoroughly explored and offered.
(iii) All information and training were provided to the
family and consumer and the consumer’s focused support goals were completed.
(iv) The family or consumer feels confident that they can continue to receive the assistance they need to be successful without receiving enhanced service coordination.
(C) For the purposes of this paragraph, “enhanced service coordination” may include, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(ii) Maintaining no less than quarterly contact with consumers or their families.
(iii) Having annual individual program plan or individual family service plan meetings.
paragraph, a “consumer with complex needs” means a consumer who is any of the following:
(ii) Receiving state-operated crisis assessment stabilization team services, or has received those services within the past six months.
(iii) Placed in a community crisis home, as defined in Section 4698.
(iv) Placed in an acute crisis home operated by the department, pursuant to Section 4418.7.
(vi) Placed in an institution for mental disease, as described in Part 5 (commencing with Section 5900) of Division 5.
(vii) Placed out of state as a result of appropriate services being unavailable within the state, pursuant to Section 4519.
(viii) Placed in a county jail and eligible for diversion pursuant to Chapter 2.8 (commencing with Section 1001.20) of Title 6 of Part 2 of the Penal Code or found incompetent to stand trial as described in Section 1370.1 of the Penal Code.
(ix) A person the department has determined cannot be safely served in a developmental center, as described in Section 6510.5.
consumers three years of age and younger, consumers enrolled in the Home and Community-based Services Waiver program for persons with developmental disabilities, and other consumers if the overall average caseload is weighted proportionately to ensure that overall regional center average service coordinator-to-consumer ratios as specified in paragraph (3) are met. For purposes of paragraph (3), in no case shall a service coordinator have an assigned caseload in excess of 84 for more than 60 days.
section, each regional center shall provide service coordinator caseload data to the department, annually for each fiscal year. The data shall be submitted in the format, including the content, prescribed by the department. Within 30 days of receipt of data submitted pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall make a summary of the data available to the public upon request. The department shall verify the accuracy of the data when conducting regional center fiscal audits. Data submitted by regional centers pursuant to this subdivision shall:
allocation to regional centers with the stated purpose of reducing caseload ratios, both of the following shall occur:
independent or supportive living arrangements.
service needs of consumers and families are met.
served, and shall demonstrate clear and convincing support for the proposed staffing arrangement from constituencies served and impacted, that include, but are not limited to, consumers, families, providers, advocates, and recognized labor organizations. In addition, the regional center shall submit to the department any written opposition to the proposal from organizations or individuals, including, but not limited to, consumers, families, providers, and advocates, including recognized labor organizations. The department may grant waivers to regional centers that sufficiently demonstrate that the proposed staffing arrangement is in the best interest of consumers and families served, complies with the requirements of this chapter, and does not violate any contractual requirements. A waiver shall be approved by the department for up to 12 months, at which time a regional center may submit a new request pursuant to this subdivision.
February 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010, inclusive, the following shall not apply:
subparagraph (C) of paragraph (3), of subdivision (c).
contractor shall not exceed the term of the state’s contract with the regional center.
Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1011, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1993.
Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 414, Sec. 16. Effective September 22, 1997.
When convening any task force or advisory group, a regional center shall make its best effort to ensure representation by consumers and family members representing the community’s multicultural diversity.
Added by Stats. 2019, Ch. 28, Sec. 20. (SB 81) Effective June 27, 2019.
Beginning July 1, 2020, each regional center shall provide to the department a copy of any corrective action plans and sanctions issued to a service provider, which shall include the name of the service provider, the type of action taken, and the date of action. Copies of corrective action plans and sanctions shall be submitted quarterly, no later than 45 days following the end of each fiscal quarter. The department shall provide a copy of all corrective action plans and sanctions to the protection and advocacy agency specified in Division 4.7 (commencing with Section 4900) within 30 days of its request. The department shall consult with regional centers and the protection and advocacy agency on the process for increasing consumer and family access to the information contained in corrective action plans and
sanctions.
Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 1252.
All regional centers shall conduct casefinding activities, including notification of availability of service in English and such other languages as may be appropriate to the service area, outreach services in areas with a high incidence of developmental disabilities, and identification of persons who may need service.
Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 76, Sec. 29. (AB 136) Effective July 16, 2021.
direct service professionals will increase consumer access to staff who speak their preferred language.
when appropriate, their families.
immediate action.
Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 196. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.
purposes of this section, “electronic billing” is defined as the Regional Center e-Billing System Web application provided by the department.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 192, Sec. 9. (SB 138) Effective September 13, 2023.
on or before July 1, 1983. These criteria may be modified in subsequent years based on analysis of actual clinical experience.
center shall take the following actions by the end of the 15-day initial intake period described in paragraph (2):
(ii) Determine if the regional center will initiate the assessment specified in Section 4643.
(B) Inform the individual requesting intake of the regional center’s action.
(C) If the regional center determines that the individual is not eligible for regional center services, or that the regional center is not initiating the assessment specified in Section 4643,
provide the individual requesting intake and, if appropriate, the individual’s parents, legal guardian or conservator, or authorized representative, with adequate notice as required by Section 4710.
packets shall be translated to provide language access, as required by state and federal law, shall be available in alternative formats and alternative modes of communication, as required by federal law, and shall include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(ii) A resource guide for consumers and their families.
(iii) Consumer rights.
(iv) Contact information for the regional center, the department, the office of clients’ rights advocacy, and the protection and advocacy agency specified in Division 4.7 (commencing with Section 4900).
(B) Each regional center shall distribute the information packets at intake, upon transfer to receiving
services under the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act, and upon request. Each regional center shall begin distributing the information packets within 60 days following the department providing the information packets and issuing directives regarding the distribution of the information packets. In addition to, and not in lieu of, this requirement, each regional center shall post the full content of the most updated information packet on its internet website.
preferred language, including providing alternative communication services and alternative formats, as required by state and federal law.
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 685, Sec. 5. (SB 555) Effective January 1, 2014.
conservators, have no such benefits, the regional center shall not use that fact to negatively impact the services that the individual may or may not receive from the regional center.
Added by Stats. 2001, Ch. 171, Sec. 26. Effective August 10, 2001.
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 76, Sec. 30. (AB 136) Effective July 16, 2021.
types of services and supports specified in the consumer’s individual program plan (IPP) shall be authorized and secured, if available, pending the development of a new IPP for the consumer. If these services and supports do not exist, the regional center shall convene a meeting to develop a new IPP within 30 days. Prior to approval of the new IPP, the regional center shall provide alternative services and supports that best meet the IPP objectives in the least restrictive setting. The department shall develop guidelines that describe the responsibilities of regional centers in ensuring a smooth transition of services and supports from one regional center to another, including, but not limited to, pretransferring planning and a dispute resolution process to resolve disagreements between regional centers regarding their responsibilities related to the transfer of case management services.
shall apply to a consumer who is transferred from one regional center’s catchment area to a different catchment area and meets any of the following conditions:
(A) The consumer has an order for foster care placement.
(B) The consumer is awaiting foster care placement.
(C) The consumer is placed in out-of-home care through voluntary placement as defined in subdivision (o) of Section 11400.
The notice of relocation shall be deemed received when the sending regional center receives written notice of relocation.
available to confer with the planning team at the sending regional center regarding the types of services and providers available to address the service needs of the consumer in the consumer’s new residential location.
(ii) Within 14 days of the notice of transfer, the receiving regional center shall provide the sending regional center with information regarding appropriate vendors and services to meet the needs of the consumer.
(iii) The sending regional center shall confer with the planning team and, using information provided by the receiving regional center, determine whether changes to the current IPP or IFSP are needed to meet the service needs of the consumer in the new residential location.
(iv) Prior to transfer of case management, the sending regional center shall ensure that services needed to support the
consumer in the new residential location are included in the IPP or IFSP and the consumer is receiving the services and supports listed in the new or revised IPP or IFSP.
the consumer’s IPP have not been initiated within 30 calendar days after the notice of transfer, the sending regional center shall report in writing to the court, the county social worker or probation officer, as applicable, and the developmental services decisionmaker, all services that are being provided to the consumer, and the process to secure any additional services that have been identified in the consumer’s IPP but not yet initiated. If all services identified in the consumer’s IPP have not been initiated within 30 days, the regional center shall report in writing to the court, county social worker, probation officer, as applicable, and the developmental services decisionmaker at 30-day intervals until all services are initiated.
Section 319, subdivision (a) of Section 361, or subdivision (b) of Section 726.
(ii) If the regional center is unable to obtain confirmation of the parent’s, guardian’s, or current developmental services decisionmaker’s participation in the IPP meeting, the regional center shall notify the court having jurisdiction, the county placing agency, and the consumer’s attorney that the appointment of a new developmental services decisionmaker may be necessary.
following the notice of transfer but no later than 30 calendar days from the date of notice of transfer. Efforts shall begin in advance of the IFSP meeting. If all services identified in the consumer’s IFSP have not been initiated within 30 calendar days of the notice of transfer, the regional center shall report to the court of jurisdiction as described in subparagraph (B).
report in writing to the court, county social worker, probation officer, as applicable, and the educational rights holder at 30-day intervals until all services are initiated.
(ii) If the regional center is unable to obtain confirmation of the parent’s, guardian’s, or current educational rights holder participation in the IFSP meeting, the regional center shall notify the court of jurisdiction, the county placing agency, and the consumer’s attorney that the appointment of a new educational rights holder may be necessary.
information:
center located in one catchment area to a regional center located in a different catchment area and includes, at a minimum, the following information:
Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1242, Sec. 2.
Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 47, Sec. 7. (AB 162) Effective July 2, 2024.
person-centered approach that reflects the needs and preferences of the consumer, and, as appropriate, their family. The services and supports provided by the regional center should assist each consumer in achieving their personal outcomes and life goals and promote inclusion in their community. It is the further intent of the Legislature to ensure that the provision of services to consumers and their families be effective in meeting the goals stated in the individual program plan, reflect the preferences and choices of the consumer, and reflect the cost-effective use of public resources.
plan.
or obtained from generic agencies shall be made by agreement between the regional center representative and the consumer or, if appropriate, the parents, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative at the program plan meeting.
a meeting regarding the provision of services and supports by the regional center, including a meeting to develop or revise the individual program plan, shall be held by remote electronic communications if requested by the consumer or, if appropriate, if requested by the consumer’s parents, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative.
requirement on the part of the regional center shall not impede, delay, or prevent the timely development or revision of an individual program plan, or the timely authorization or receipt of services and supports.
and parents, legal guardians, conservators, or authorized representatives. The department shall, after consulting with and receiving input from stakeholders, provide an update to the Legislature on the status of the review no later than January 10, 2026 and shall provide, with any additional consultation and documented input from stakeholders, the completed review to the Legislature no later than May 14, 2026.
parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative shall sign the list of agreed-upon services and supports prior to its implementation. The consumer, or if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, may elect to delay receipt of the list of agreed-upon services and supports pending final agreement, as described in subdivision (h). If the consumer, or if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, elects to delay the receipt of the list of agreed-upon services and supports for 15 days, the list shall be provided in the preferred language of the consumer, or of the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, or authorized representative.
days, or later at the request of the consumer or, if appropriate, the parents, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative or if agreed to by the planning team. The list of the agreed-upon services and supports described in subdivision (g) and signed by the authorized representative of the regional center shall be provided, in writing or electronically, at the conclusion of the subsequent program plan meeting, and shall be provided in the preferred language of the consumer, or of the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative. Additional program plan meetings may be held with the agreement of the regional center representative and the consumer or, if appropriate, the parents, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative.
representative shall sign the individual program plan and the list of the agreed-upon services and supports prior to its implementation. If the consumer or, if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, does not agree with all components of the individual program plan, the consumer may indicate that disagreement on the plan. Disagreement with specific plan components shall not prohibit the implementation of services and supports agreed to by the consumer or, if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative. If the consumer or, if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, does not agree with the plan in whole or in part, the consumer shall be sent written notice of their appeal rights, as required by Sections 4701 and 4710.
consumer’s preferred language, or, if appropriate, the preferred language of the consumer’s family, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, during the planning process for the individual program plan, including during the program plan meeting, and including providing alternative communication services, as required by Sections 11135 to 11139, inclusive, of the Government Code and implementing regulations.
consumer’s family, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, or both, shall be documented in the individual program plan.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 44, Sec. 18. (AB 121) Effective July 10, 2023.
through the family’s private health insurance policy or health care service plan or under the Medi-Cal program
and therefore, in compliance with the timely provision of service requirements contained in Part 303 (commencing with Section 303.1) of Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations, will be authorized for purchase-of-service funding by the regional center.
services during any plan delays, including the appeals process.
least restrictive and most appropriate setting. In this determination, regional centers shall take into account the consumer’s need for extraordinary care, services, supports and supervision, and the need for timely access to this care.
under which the consumer is eligible to receive health benefits, including, but not limited to, private health insurance, a health care service plan, Medi-Cal, Medicare, and TRICARE. If the individual, or, if appropriate, the parents, legal guardians, or conservators, do not have health benefits, the regional center shall not use that fact to negatively impact the services that the individual may or may not receive from the regional center.
Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 441, Sec. 1. (AB 3291) Effective January 1, 2025.
members, the consumer’s friends, advocates, authorized representative, if applicable, providers of services and supports, and other agencies. The assessment process shall reflect awareness of, and sensitivity to, the lifestyle and cultural background of the consumer and the family.
control over the consumer’s life, acquire increasingly positive roles in community life, and develop competencies to help accomplish these goals.
individual program plan goals and objectives, and identification of the provider or providers of service responsible for attaining each objective, including, but not limited to, vendors, contracted providers, generic service agencies, and natural supports. The
individual program plan shall specify the approximate scheduled start date for services and supports and shall contain timelines for actions necessary to begin services and supports, including generic services. In addition to the requirements of subdivision (h) of Section 4646, each regional center shall offer, and upon request provide, a written copy of the individual program plan to the consumer, and, if appropriate, the consumer’s parents, legal guardian or conservator, or authorized representative within 45 days of their request in a threshold language, as defined by paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 1810.410 of Title 9 of the California Code of Regulations.
conservator of an adult consumer or the authorized representative, including those appointed pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 4541, subdivision (b) of Section 4701.6, and subdivision (e) of Section 4705, a review of the general health status of the adult or child, including medical, dental, and mental health needs, shall be conducted. This review shall include a discussion of current medications, any observed side effects, and the date of the last review of the medication. Service providers shall cooperate with the planning team to provide any information necessary to complete the health status review. If any concerns are noted during the review, referrals shall be made to regional center clinicians or to the consumer’s physician, as appropriate. Documentation of health status and referrals shall be made in the consumer’s record by the service coordinator.
(ii) The planning team has determined that a consumer’s community integration and participation could be safe and enhanced through the use of public transportation services.
(iii) The planning team has determined that generic transportation services are available and accessible.
(B) To maximize independence and community integration and participation, the transportation access plan shall identify the services and supports necessary to assist the consumer in accessing public transportation and shall comply with Section 4648.35. These services and supports may include, but are not limited to, mobility training services and the use of transportation aides. Regional centers are encouraged to coordinate with local public transportation agencies.
(ii) Identification of possible housing options for the regional center consumer when the consumer can no longer live at home.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, “caregiver succession” means the point at which the primary caregiver is no longer able to fully care for a regional center consumer.
achievement or changing needs, and no less often than once every three years. If the consumer or, if appropriate, the consumer’s parents, legal guardian, authorized representative, or conservator requests an individual program plan review, the individual program plan shall be reviewed within 30 days after the request is submitted, or no later than 7 days after the request is submitted if necessary for the consumer’s health and safety or to maintain the consumer in their home.
of individual program plans, which embody an approach centered on the person and family.
Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 37, Sec. 11. (AB 104) Effective June 30, 2011. Conditionally inoperative as provided in subd. (e) of Section 14132.925.
care facility/developmentally disabled-nursing, or licensed intermediate care facility/developmentally disabled. These payments shall be considered supplemental payments to the enrolled Medi-Cal provider and shall be comprised of the full costs of reimbursing regional centers for making disbursements to day treatment and transportation service providers, plus a coordination fee which will include an administrative fee and reimbursement for the increased costs associated with the quality assurance fee paid accordingly and without a separate State Department of Developmental Services contract.
2011. The contract amendments and budget adjustments shall be exempt from the provisions of Article 1 (commencing with Section 4620).
Added by Stats. 2007, Ch. 512, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2008.
Notwithstanding Section 632 of the Penal Code, a consumer, or his or her parent, guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, shall have the right to record electronically the proceedings of the individual program plan meetings on an audiotape recorder. The consumer, or his or her parent, guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, shall notify the regional center of their intent to record a meeting at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. If the regional center initiates the notice of intent to audiotape record a meeting and the consumer, or his or her parent, guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, refuses to attend the meeting because it will be tape recorded, the meeting shall not be recorded on an audiotape recorder. However, the regional center shall have the right to electronically record the meeting when notice of intent to record has been given by the consumer or on the consumer’s behalf.
Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 146, Sec. 26. Effective July 22, 1999.
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 12, Sec. 7. (AB 143) Effective June 27, 2025.
In order to achieve the stated objectives of a consumer’s individual program plan, the regional center shall conduct activities, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
minors with developmental disabilities to live with their families, adult persons with developmental disabilities to live as independently as possible in the community, and that allow all consumers to interact with persons without disabilities in positive, meaningful ways.
will best accomplish all or part of that consumer’s program plan.
the department, regional centers, vendors, and the individual or agency requesting vendorization.
until the facility agrees to vendorization at a reduced capacity.
necessary to implement a consumer’s individual program plan. Contracts may be negotiated for a period of up to three years, with annual review and subject to the availability of funds.
representative, including those appointed pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 4541, subdivision (b) of Section 4701.6, or subdivision (e) of Section 4705, shall, pursuant to the individual program plan, consider all of the following when selecting a provider of consumer services and supports:
cost of providing services or supports of comparable quality by different providers, if available, shall be reviewed, and the least costly available provider of comparable service, including the cost of transportation, who is able to accomplish all or part of the consumer’s individual program plan, consistent with the particular needs of the consumer and family as identified in the individual program plan, shall be selected. In determining the least costly provider, the availability of federal financial participation shall be considered. The consumer shall not be required to use the least costly provider if it will result in the consumer moving from an existing provider of services or supports to more restrictive or less integrated services or supports.
(ii) Notwithstanding the rulemaking provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of
Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), the department shall, with input from the community, issue a written directive defining the term “cost effective” for the purposes of all programs, including, but not limited to, the Self-Determination Program, no later than August 1, 2026. This directive shall remain in effect until regulations are adopted, but in no case for longer than two years following its issuance. Upon notification by the department to the Legislature that the written directive has been issued, clause (i) shall be ineffective.
(iii) For purposes of clause (ii), input from the community shall include, but not be limited to, consultation with the department’s Lived Experience Advisory Group, individuals and families, caregivers, advocates and associations, service providers, regional centers, the State Council on Developmental Disabilities Statewide Self‑Determination Advisory Committee, and legislative staff. The department shall provide adequate notice, or 45
days at a minimum, for the community to review and provide feedback on the draft written directive, with review and consideration by the department of feedback prior to finalization for the August 1, 2026, deadline.
agree that planned services and supports have been provided, and reasonable progress toward objectives have been made.
responsible agency. Following completion of the interagency agreement, the departments shall jointly notify the local agencies.
placing authority. This section shall not apply to placements made in an institution for mental diseases, as defined in Section 435.1010 of Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
approval by the child’s parent or guardian shall be obtained before placement is made.
(ii) A residential facility licensed as a mental health rehabilitation center by the State Department of
Health Care Services under any of the following circumstances:
(I) The facility is eligible for Medicaid reimbursement and the individual’s planning team determines that there are no less restrictive placements appropriate for the individual.
(II) There is an emergency circumstance in which the regional center determines that it cannot locate alternate federally eligible services to meet the consumer’s needs. Under an emergency circumstance, an assessment shall be completed by the regional center as soon as possible and within 30 days of admission. An individual program plan meeting shall be convened immediately following the assessment to determine the services and supports needed for stabilization and to develop a plan to transition the consumer from the facility into the community. If transition is not expected within 90 days of admission, an individual program plan meeting
shall be held to discuss the status of transition and to determine if the consumer is still in need of placement in the facility. Commencing October 1, 2012, this determination shall be made after also considering resource options identified by the statewide specialized resource service. If it is determined that emergency services continue to be necessary, the regional center shall submit an updated transition plan that can cover a period of up to 90 days. In no event shall placements under these emergency circumstances exceed 180 days.
(III) The clients’ rights advocate shall be notified of each admission and individual program planning meeting pursuant to this clause and may participate in all individual program planning meetings unless the consumer objects on their own behalf. For purposes of this subclause, notification to the clients’ rights advocate shall include a copy of the most recent comprehensive assessment or updated assessment and
the time, date, and location of the meeting, and shall be provided as soon as practicable, but not less than seven calendar days before the meeting.
(IV) If a consumer is placed in a mental health rehabilitation center by another entity, the mental health rehabilitation center shall inform the regional center of the placement within five days of the date the consumer is admitted. If an individual’s records indicate that the individual is a regional center consumer, the mental health rehabilitation center shall make every effort to contact the local regional center or the department to determine which regional center to provide notice. As soon as possible within 30 days of admission to a mental health rehabilitation center due to an emergency pursuant to subclause (II), or within 30 days of notification of admission to a mental health rehabilitation center by an entity other than a regional center, an assessment shall be completed by the
regional center.
(C) (i) Effective July 1, 2012, notwithstanding any other law or regulation, a regional center shall not purchase new residential services from, or place a consumer in, institutions for mental disease, as described in Part 5 (commencing with Section 5900) of Division 5, for which federal Medicaid funding is not available. Effective July 1, 2013, this prohibition applies regardless of the availability of federal funding.
(ii) The prohibition described in clause (i) shall not apply to emergencies, as determined by the regional center, if a regional center cannot locate alternate services to meet the consumer’s needs. As soon as possible within 30 days of admission due to an emergency, an assessment shall be completed by the regional center. An individual program plan meeting shall be convened immediately following the assessment, to determine
the services and supports needed for stabilization and to develop a plan to transition the consumer from the facility to the community. If transition is not expected within 90 days of admission, an emergency program plan meeting shall be held to discuss the status of the transition and to determine if the consumer is still in need of placement in the facility. If emergency services continue to be necessary, the regional center shall submit an updated transition plan to the department for an extension of up to 90 days. Placement shall not exceed 180 days.
(iii) Effective January 1, 2020, the exception in clause (ii) shall no longer apply. As of this date, the prohibition in clause (i) shall not apply to acute crises when the following conditions are met prior to a regional center purchasing new residential services from, or placing a consumer in, an institution for mental disease:
(I) The regional center prepares an assessment for inclusion in the consumer’s file detailing all considered community-based services and supports, including, but not limited to, rate adjustments, as provided by law, supplemental services, as set forth in subparagraph (F), emergency and crisis intervention services, as set forth in paragraph (11), community crisis home, pursuant to Article 8 (commencing with Section 4698) of Chapter 6, and an explanation of why those options could not meet the consumer’s needs.
(II) The director of the regional center confirms that there are no community-based options that can meet the consumer’s needs.
(iv) For purposes of this section, “acute crisis” has the same meaning as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section 4418.7.
an acute crisis, all of the following shall apply:
(I) If the regional center does not expect the consumer to transition back to a community setting within 72 hours, or if the consumer does not transition back to a community setting within 72 hours, the regional center shall do both of the following:
(ia) No later than 10 calendar days from the date the consumer is placed in the institution for mental disease, complete any documentation necessary to support the filing of a petition for commitment pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 6500) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 6 and request the person authorized to present allegations pursuant to Section 6500 file a petition for commitment.
(ib) Complete a comprehensive assessment in coordination with the institution for mental disease staff. The comprehensive
assessment shall include the identification of the services and supports needed for crisis stabilization and the timeline for identifying or developing the services and supports needed to transition the consumer back to a community setting. The regional center shall immediately submit a copy of the comprehensive assessment to the committing court. Immediately following the assessment, and not later than 30 days following admission, the regional center and the institution for mental disease shall jointly convene an individual program plan meeting to determine the services and supports needed for crisis stabilization and to develop a plan to transition the consumer into the community.
(II) If transition is not expected within 90 days of admission, an individual program plan meeting shall be held to discuss the status of the transition and to determine if the consumer is still in need of crisis stabilization.
(III) A consumer shall reside in an institution for mental disease no longer than six months before being placed into a community living arrangement, unless, prior to the end of the six months, all of the following have occurred:
(ia) The regional center has conducted an additional comprehensive assessment based on current information and determines that the consumer continues to be in an acute crisis.
(ib) The individual program planning team has developed a plan that identifies the specific services and supports necessary to transition the consumer into the community, and the plan includes a timeline to obtain or develop those services and supports.
(ic) The committing court has reviewed and, if appropriate, extended the commitment.
(IV) (ia) A consumer’s placement at an institution for mental disease shall not exceed one year unless both of the following occur:
(Ia) The regional center demonstrates significant progress toward implementing the plan to transition the consumer into the community.
(Ib) Extraordinary circumstances exist beyond the regional center’s control that have prevented the regional center from obtaining those services and supports within the timeline based on the plan.
(ib) If both of the circumstances under sub-subclause (ia) exist, the regional center may request, and the committing court may grant, an additional extension of the commitment, not to exceed 30 days.
(V) Institutions for mental disease staff shall assist the consumer with transitioning back to the consumer’s prior residence, or an alternative community-based residential setting, within the timeframe described in this subparagraph.
(vi) The department shall monitor placements pursuant to this subparagraph and subsequent transitions back to community-based settings.
(vii) The clients’ rights advocate shall be notified of each admission and individual program planning meeting pursuant to this subparagraph and may participate in all individual program planning meetings unless the consumer objects on their own behalf. For purposes of this clause, notification to the clients’ rights advocate shall include a copy of the most recent comprehensive assessment or updated assessment and the time, date, and location of the meeting, and shall be provided as soon as practicable,
but not less than seven calendar days before the meeting.
(viii) If a consumer is placed in an institution for mental disease by another entity, the institution for mental disease shall inform the regional center of the placement within five days of the date the consumer is admitted. If an individual’s records indicate that the individual is a regional center consumer, the institution for mental disease shall make every effort to contact the local regional center or department to determine which regional center to provide notice. As soon as possible within 30 days of admission to an institution for mental disease due to an acute crisis pursuant to clause (ii), or within 30 days of notification of admission to an institution for mental disease by an entity other than a regional center, an assessment shall be completed by the regional center.
(ix) Regional centers shall complete a
comprehensive assessment of a consumer residing in an institution for mental disease as of July 1, 2012, for which federal Medicaid funding is not available, and for a consumer residing in an institution for mental disease as of July 1, 2013, without regard to federal funding. The comprehensive assessment shall be completed before the consumer’s next scheduled individual program plan meeting and shall include identification of the services and supports needed and the timeline for identifying or developing those services needed to transition the consumer back to the community. Effective October 1, 2012, the regional center shall also consider resource options identified by the statewide specialized resource service. For each individual program plan meeting convened pursuant to this subparagraph, the clients’ rights advocate for the regional center shall be notified of the meeting and may participate in the meeting unless the consumer objects on their own behalf. For purposes of this clause, notification to
the clients’ rights advocate shall include the time, date, and location of the meeting, and shall be provided as soon as practicable, but not less than seven calendar days before the meeting.
(D) (i) The transition process from a mental health rehabilitation center or institution for mental disease shall be based upon the individual’s needs, developed through the individual program plan process, and shall ensure that needed services and supports will be in place at the time the individual moves. Individual supports and services shall include, if appropriate for the individual, wraparound services through intensive individualized support services. The transition shall be to a community living arrangement that is in the least restrictive environment appropriate to the needs of the individual and most protective of the individual’s rights to dignity, freedom, and choice as described in subdivision (a).
(ii) Regional centers, through the individual program plan process, shall coordinate for the benefit of the regional center consumers residing in an institution for mental disease, pretransition planning, transition, and access to followup services to help ensure a smooth transition to the community. Individual support services shall include, but shall not be limited to, both of the following:
(I) Defined regional center contacts and visits with consumers and service providers during the 12 months following the consumer’s movement date.
(II) Identification of issues that need resolution and an individualized support plan to address these issues.
(E) A person with developmental disabilities placed by the regional center in a community living arrangement
shall have the rights specified in this division. These rights shall be brought to the person’s attention by any means necessary to reasonably communicate these rights to each resident, provided that, at a minimum, the Director of Developmental Services prepare, provide, and require to be clearly posted in all residential facilities and day programs a poster using simplified language and pictures that is designed to be more understandable by persons with intellectual disabilities and that the rights information shall also be available through the regional center to each residential facility and day program in alternative formats, including, but not limited to, other languages, braille, and audiotapes, if necessary to meet the communication needs of consumers.
(F) Consumers are eligible to receive supplemental services including, but not limited to, additional staffing, pursuant to the process described in subdivision (d) of Section 4646.
Necessary additional staffing that is not specifically included in the rates paid to the service provider may be purchased by the regional center if the additional staff are in excess of the amount required by regulation and the individual’s planning team determines the additional services are consistent with the provisions of the individual program plan. Additional staff should be periodically reviewed by the planning team for consistency with the individual program plan objectives in order to determine if continued use of the additional staff is necessary and appropriate and if the service is producing outcomes consistent with the individual program plan. Regional centers shall monitor programs to ensure that the additional staff is being provided and utilized appropriately.
maintain persons with developmental disabilities in the living arrangement of their own choice. Crisis services shall first be provided without disrupting a person’s living arrangement. If crisis intervention services are unsuccessful, emergency housing shall be available in the person’s home community. If dislocation cannot be avoided, every effort shall be made to return the person to their living arrangement of choice, with all necessary supports, as soon as possible.
individual, the facilitator shall be of the consumer’s choosing.
the individual program planning team, for purposes of facilitating better and cost-effective services for consumers or family members, technology, including telecommunication technology, may be used in conjunction with other services and supports. Technology in lieu of a consumer’s in-person appearances at judicial proceedings or administrative due process hearings may be used only if the consumer or, if appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, conservator, or authorized representative, gives informed consent. Technology may be used in lieu of, or in conjunction with, in-person training for providers, as appropriate.
treatments, therapeutic services, or devices that have not been clinically determined or scientifically proven to be effective or safe or for which risks and complications are unknown. Experimental treatments or therapeutic services include experimental medical or nutritional therapy when the use of the product for that purpose is not a general physician practice. For regional center consumers receiving these services as part of their individual program plan (IPP) or individualized family service plan (IFSP) on July 1, 2009, this prohibition shall apply on August 1, 2009.
the regional center or the person with developmental disabilities or the person’s parents, legal guardian, or other representative may request advocacy assistance from the state council.
services and supports.
representative a statement of services and supports the regional center purchased for the purpose of ensuring that they are delivered. The statement shall include the type, unit, month, and cost of services and supports purchased.
Amended by Stats. 2009, 4th Ex. Sess., Ch. 9, Sec. 11. Effective July 28, 2009.
Any funds so recovered shall be remitted to the department.
Added by Stats. 2013, Ch. 656, Sec. 2. (SB 208) Effective January 1, 2014.
diversity shall request, but not be limited to, all of the following information:
to addressing the
needs of those diverse populations.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 11. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
into a settlement in lieu of conviction for fraud or abuse in any government program, within the previous 10 years, shall be ineligible to be a regional center vendor. The regional center shall not deny vendorization to an otherwise qualified applicant whose felony or misdemeanor charges did not result in a conviction solely on the basis of the prior charges.
interests, and criminal convictions or civil proceedings involving fraud or abuse in any government program, or abuse or neglect of an elder, dependent adult, or child.
Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 47, Sec. 8. (AB 162) Effective July 2, 2024.
extrapolation when conducting fiscal audits of service providers.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 12. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the State Department of Social Services and the State Department of Public Health shall notify the State Department of Developmental Services of any administrative action initiated against a licensee serving consumers with developmental disabilities. For the purposes of this section “administrative action” includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
restraining order.
Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 873, Sec. 2.
By September 1, 1986, the State Department of Developmental Services shall promulgate regulations which establish a process for service providers to appeal actions the department takes as a result of its auditing and monitoring activities. To the extent possible, this process shall include procedures contained in fiscal audit appeals regulations established pursuant to Section 4780.5.
Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 492, Sec. 3. Effective September 10, 1987.
A provider of transportation services to regional center clients for the regional center shall maintain protection against liability for damages for bodily injuries or death and for damage to or destruction of property, which may be incurred by the provider in the course of providing those services. The protection shall be maintained at the level established by the regional center to which the transportation services are provided.
Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 37, Sec. 12. (AB 104) Effective June 30, 2011.
At the time of development, review, or modification of a consumer’s individual program plan (IPP) or individualized family service plan (IFSP), all of the following shall apply to a regional center:
fund transportation, when required, from the consumer’s residence to the lowest-cost vendor that provides the service that meets the consumer’s needs, as set forth in the consumer’s IPP or IFSP. For purposes of this subdivision, the cost of a vendor shall be determined by combining the vendor’s program costs and the costs to transport a consumer from the consumer’s residence to the vendor.
Amended by Stats. 2008, 3rd Ex. Sess., Ch. 3, Sec. 4. Effective February 16, 2008.
Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 18, Sec. 13. (AB 107) Effective June 27, 2017.
in accessing those services. To ensure that consumers receive appropriate educational services and an effective transition from services provided by educational agencies to services provided by regional centers, the regional center service coordinator, at the request of the consumer or, where appropriate, the consumer’s parent, legal guardian, or conservator, may attend the individualized education program (IEP) planning team meeting.
purchase the services identified in subdivision (a). If the planning team determines that generic services can meet the consumer’s day, vocational education, work services, independent living, or mobility training and related transportation needs, the regional center shall assist the consumer in accessing those services.
vocational education, work services, independent living, or mobility training and related transportation needs, the regional center shall assist the consumer in accessing those services.
Added by Stats. 2009, 4th Ex. Sess., Ch. 9, Sec. 14. Effective July 28, 2009.
The department, in consultation with stakeholders, shall develop an alternative service delivery model that provides an Individual Choice Budget for obtaining quality services and supports which provides choice and flexibility within a finite budget that in the aggregate reduces regional center purchase of service expenditures, reduces reliance on the state general fund, and maximizes federal financial participation in the delivery of services. The individual budget will be determined using a fair, equitable, transparent standardized process.
Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 409, Sec. 47. (AB 1595) Effective January 1, 2015.
Regional centers shall cooperate with the state council in joint efforts to inform the public of services available to persons with developmental disabilities and of their unmet needs, provide materials and education programs to community groups and agencies with interest in, or responsibility for, persons with developmental disabilities, and develop resource materials, if necessary, containing information about local agencies, facilities, and service providers offering services to persons with developmental disabilities.
Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 409, Sec. 48. (AB 1595) Effective January 1, 2015.
Regional centers shall be responsible for developing an annual plan and program budget to be submitted to the director no later than September 1 of each fiscal year. An information copy shall be submitted to the state council by the same date.
Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1011, Sec. 18. Effective January 1, 1993.
Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 1252.
A regional center shall investigate every appropriate and economically feasible alternative for care of a developmentally disabled person available within the region. If suitable care cannot be found within the region, services may be obtained outside of the region.
Amended (as added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 429, Sec. 2) by Stats. 2017, Ch. 561, Sec. 269. (AB 1516) Effective January 1, 2018.
(A) If the amount received from the regional center or regional centers during each state fiscal year is more than or equal to five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), but less than two million dollars ($2,000,000), the entity shall obtain an independent review report of its financial statements for the entity’s fiscal year that includes the last day of the most recent state fiscal year. Consistent with Subchapter 21 (commencing with Section 58800) of
Chapter 3 of Division 2 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations, this subdivision shall also apply to work activity program providers receiving less than five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000).
(B) If the amount received from the regional center or regional centers during each state fiscal year is equal to or more than two million dollars ($2,000,000), the entity shall obtain an independent audit of its financial statements for the entity’s fiscal year that includes the last day of the most recent state fiscal year.
California, or the California State University.
directly or indirectly impact regional center services within 30 days after receipt. Notification shall include a plan for resolution of issues.
describing the items covered as well as any unusual items, including their disposition.
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 1252.
Except for those developmentally disabled persons judicially committed to state hospitals, no developmentally disabled person shall be admitted to a state hospital except upon the referral of a regional center. Upon discharge from a state hospital, a developmentally disabled person shall be referred to an appropriate regional center.
Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 1252.
Before any person is examined by a regional center pursuant to Section 1370.1 of the Penal Code, the court ordering such medical examination shall transmit to the regional center a copy of the orders made pursuant to proceedings conducted under Sections 1368 and 1369 of the Penal Code. The purpose of the mental examination shall be to determine if developmental disability is the primary diagnosis.
Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 730.
The director of a regional center or his designee may give consent to medical, dental, and surgical treatment of a regional center client and provide for such treatment to be given to the person under the following conditions:
Amended (as added by Stats. 1978, Ch. 429) by Stats. 1982, Ch. 466, Sec. 122.
For the purposes of this section, “qualified physician and surgeon” means those physicians and surgeons who have recognized and accredited training and a specialized pediatric practice in childhood disabilities.
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 149, Sec. 1. (AB 445) Effective January 1, 2022.
The State Department of Developmental Services shall, through the regional center contract, require that the following information is collected by each regional center for each new case and is also collected at each review of all regional center clients in out-of-home placement.
Information shall include:
not.
Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 1137, Sec. 2.
The State Department of Developmental Services shall insure that all potentially eligible clients are referred to the Social Security Administration for eligibility determination for Old Age Survivors Disability Insurance (OASDI).
Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 409, Sec. 49. (AB 1595) Effective January 1, 2015.
cost of services, aid, insurance, or medical assistance to the consumer.
coverage. If, on July 1, 2009, a regional center is purchasing that service as part of a consumer’s individual program plan (IPP), the prohibition shall take effect on October 1, 2009.
(A) While coverage is being
pursued, but before a denial is made.
(B) Pending a final administrative decision on the administrative appeal if the family has provided to the regional center a verification that an administrative appeal is being pursued.
(C) Until the commencement of services by Medi-Cal, private insurance, or a health care service plan.
unable to pay.
programs on the local level.
Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 28, Sec. 24. (SB 81) Effective June 27, 2019.
gross income that does not exceed 400 percent of the federal poverty level.
does not exceed 400 percent of the federal poverty level.
demonstrate one or more of the following:
deductibles.
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 49, Sec. 21. (SB 188) Effective June 30, 2022.
defined in Section 1418 of the Health and Safety Code, that is required to report to a regional center pursuant to Section 54327 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations.
center” means a residential facility that is licensed by the State Department of Health Care Services and is a regional center vendor.
(A) Each death or serious injury of a person occurring during, or related to, the use of seclusion, physical restraint, or chemical restraint, or any combination thereof.
(B) Any unexpected or suspicious death, regardless of whether the cause is immediately known.
(C) Any allegation of sexual assault, as defined in Section 15610.63, in which the alleged perpetrator is a staff member, service provider, or facility employee or contractor.
(D) Any report made to the local law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction in which the facility is located that involves physical abuse, as defined in Section 15610.63, in which a staff member, service provider, or facility employee or contractor is implicated.
crisis or residential services or supported living services, long-term health care facilities, and acute psychiatric hospitals shall report to the State Department of Developmental Services, the regional center providing services to the consumer, the vendoring regional center, if different, and the agency designated pursuant to subdivision (i) of Section 4900 all of the following:
(A) The number of incidents of seclusion and the duration of time spent per incident in seclusion.
(B) The number of incidents of the use of behavioral restraints and the duration of time spent per incident of restraint.
(C) The number of times an involuntary emergency medication is used to control behavior.
name, street address, and telephone number of the facility.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
It is the intent of the Legislature that this article shall be implemented consistent with the responsibilities of the department and the regional centers to provide services and supports pursuant to the requirements of this division and the California Early Intervention Program. It is further the intent of the Legislature that the department and the regional centers shall continue to be the payers of last resort consistent with the requirements of this division and the California Early Intervention Program.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
proceedings against the third person or carrier who may be liable for the injury in an appropriate court, either in the name of the department or regional center or in the name of the child or consumer, his or her guardian, conservator, limited conservator, personal representative, estate, or survivors.
section or any judgment rendered in that action shall be a bar to any action upon the claim or cause of action of the child or consumer, his or her guardian, conservator, personal representative, estate, dependents, or survivors against the third party who may be liable for the injury, or shall operate to deny to the child or consumer the recovery for that portion of any damages not covered hereunder.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
the right of the department or the regional center to recover from that party the reasonable value of the services provided to the consumer under this division.
Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 198. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.
this subdivision, at any time before trial on the facts, may become a party to, or shall consolidate their action or claim with, another action or claim if brought independently.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
In the event of judgment or award in a suit or claim against a third party or carrier:
Program or consumer under this division, as provided in subdivision (d) of Section 4659.12.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
Upon further application at any time before the judgment or award is satisfied, the court shall allow as a further lien the reasonable value of additional services provided arising out of the same cause of action or claim provided on behalf of the consumer under this division, or child under the California Early Intervention Program, where the services were provided or became payable subsequent to the original order.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
settlement, judgment, or award represents payment for services provided on behalf of the consumer under this division or the child under the California Early Intervention Program. Absent the department’s advance agreement as to what portion of a settlement, judgment, or award represents payment for medical expenses, or medical care, provided to the child or consumer, the matter shall be submitted to a court for decision. The department, the regional center, or the child or consumer may seek resolution of the dispute by filing a motion, which shall be subject to regular law and motion procedures.
settlement or compromise of the third-party action or claim. If no third-party action or claim has been filed, any superior court in California where venue would have been proper, had a claim or action been filed, shall have jurisdiction over the motion. The motion may be filed as a special motion and treated as an ordinary law and motion proceeding subject to regular motion fees. The reimbursement determination motion shall be treated as a special proceeding of a civil nature pursuant to Part 3 (commencing with Section 1063) of the Code of Civil Procedure. When no action is pending, the person making the motion shall be required to pay a first appearance fee. When an action is pending, the person making the motion shall pay a regular law and motion fee. Notwithstanding Section 1064 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the child or consumer, the regional center, or the department may appeal the final findings, decision, or order.
issue its findings, decision, or order, which shall be considered the final determination of the parties’ rights and obligations with respect to the department’s lien, unless the settlement is contingent on an acceptable allocation of the settlement proceeds, in which case, the court’s findings, decision, or order shall be considered a tentative determination. If the child or consumer does not serve notice of a rejection of the tentative determination, which shall be based solely upon a rejection of the contingent settlement, within 30 days of the notice of entry of the court’s tentative determination, subject to further consideration by the court pursuant to subdivision (d), the tentative determination shall become final. Notwithstanding Section 1064 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the child, consumer, regional center, or department may appeal the final findings, decision, or order.
determination, which shall be based solely upon a rejection of the contingent settlement, any party may subsequently seek further consideration of the court’s findings upon application to modify the prior findings, decision, or order based on new or different facts or circumstances. The application shall include an affidavit showing what application was made before, when, and to what judge, what order or decision was made, and what new or different facts or circumstances, including a different settlement, are claimed to exist. Upon further consideration, the court may modify the allocation in the interest of fairness and for good cause.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
When the department or regional center has perfected a lien upon a judgment or award in favor of a child eligible for the California Early Intervention Program or a consumer against any third party for an injury for which the consumer has received services pursuant to this division, the department or the regional center shall be entitled to a writ of execution as lien claimant to enforce payment of the lien against the third party with interest and other accruing costs as in the case of other executions. In the event the amount of the judgment or award so recovered has been paid to the child or consumer, the department or the regional center shall be entitled to a writ of execution against the child or consumer to the extent of the department’s or the regional center’s lien, with
interest and other accruing costs as in the case of other executions.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in no event shall the department or the regional center recover an amount greater than the child eligible for the California Early Intervention Program or consumer recovers after deducting from the settlement judgment, or award, attorney’s fees and litigation costs paid for by the child or consumer. If the recovery of the department or regional center is determined under this section, the reductions in subdivision (d) of Section 4659.12 shall not apply.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
The amount recovered by the department or regional center shall not exceed the amount derived from applying Section 4659.12, 4659.16, or 4659.18, whichever is less.
Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 9, Sec. 14. (SB 74) Effective March 24, 2011.
In the event that the child or consumer, his or her guardian, conservator, limited conservator, personal representative, estate, or survivors, or any of them brings an action against the third party that may be liable for the injury, notice of institution of legal proceedings, notice of settlement, and all other notices required by this article shall be given to the director of the department in Sacramento except in cases where the director specifies that notice shall be given to the Attorney General. All notices shall be given by insurance carriers, as described in Section 14124.70, having liability for the child’s or consumer’s claim, and by the attorney retained to assert the claim by the consumer or child, or by the injured child or consumer, his or her guardian, conservator,
limited conservator, personal representative, estate, or survivors, if no attorney is retained.