Article 1 - Requirements of Prescriptions

California Health and Safety Code — §§ 11150-11180

Showing inline text for up to 20 sections. Open a section link to read its full text.

Sections (46)

Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 319, Sec. 5. (SB 1039) Effective January 1, 2015.

No person other than a physician, dentist, podiatrist, or veterinarian, or naturopathic doctor acting pursuant to Section 3640.7 of the Business and Professions Code, or pharmacist acting within the scope of a project authorized under Article 1 (commencing with Section 128125) of Chapter 3 of Part 3 of Division 107 or within the scope of Section 4052.1, 4052.2, or 4052.6 of the Business and Professions Code, a registered nurse acting within the scope of a project authorized under Article 1 (commencing with Section 128125) of Chapter 3 of Part 3 of Division 107, a certified nurse-midwife acting within the scope of Section 2746.51 of the Business and Professions Code, a nurse practitioner acting within the scope of Section 2836.1 of the Business and Professions

Code, a physician assistant acting within the scope of a project authorized under Article 1 (commencing with Section 128125) of Chapter 3 of Part 3 of Division 107 or Section 3502.1 of the Business and Professions Code, a naturopathic doctor acting within the scope of Section 3640.5 of the Business and Professions Code, or an optometrist acting within the scope of Section 3041 of the Business and Professions Code, or an out-of-state prescriber acting pursuant to Section 4005 of the Business and Professions Code shall write or issue a prescription.

Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 618, Sec. 4. (AB 527) Effective January 1, 2022.

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, if cannabinoids are excluded from Schedule I of the federal Controlled Substances Act and placed on a schedule of the act other than Schedule I, or if a product composed of cannabinoids is approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration and either placed on a schedule of the act other than Schedule I, or exempted from one or more provisions of the act, so as to permit a physician, pharmacist, or other authorized healing arts licensee acting within their scope of practice, to prescribe, furnish, or dispense that product, the physician, pharmacist, or other authorized healing arts licensee who prescribes, furnishes, or dispenses that product in accordance with federal law shall be deemed to be in

compliance with state law governing those acts.

(b)For purposes of this chapter, upon the effective date of one of the changes in federal law described in subdivision (a), notwithstanding any other state law, a product composed of cannabinoids may be prescribed, furnished, dispensed, transferred, transported, possessed, or used in accordance with federal law and is authorized pursuant to state law.
(c)This section does not apply to any product containing cannabinoids that is made or derived from industrial hemp, as defined in Section 11018.5 and regulated pursuant to that section.

Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 274, Sec. 1. (AB 1021) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, if a substance listed in Schedule I of Section 11054 is excluded from Schedule I of the federal Controlled Substances Act and placed on a schedule of the act other than Schedule I, or if a product composed of one of these substances is approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration and either placed on a schedule of the act other than Schedule I, or exempted from one or more provisions of the act, so as to permit a physician, pharmacist, or other authorized healing arts licensee acting within their scope of practice, to prescribe, furnish, or dispense that product, the physician, pharmacist, or other authorized healing arts licensee who prescribes, furnishes, or dispenses that product in

accordance with federal law shall be deemed to be in compliance with state law

governing those acts.

(b)For purposes of this chapter, upon the effective date of any of the changes in federal law described in subdivision (a), notwithstanding any other state law, a product composed of the excluded substance may be prescribed, furnished, dispensed, transferred, transported, possessed, or used in accordance with federal law and is authorized pursuant to state law.
(c)This section does not apply to cannabis or a cannabis product, as defined in Section 26001 of the Business and Professions Code. However, cannabis or cannabis products may be authorized pursuant to Section 11150.2.

Added by Stats. 1984, Ch. 22, Sec. 1. Effective March 1, 1984.

Notwithstanding Section 11150.5 or subdivision (a) of Section 11054, methaqualone, its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers shall be deemed to be classified in Schedule I for the purposes of this chapter.

Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 248, Sec. 144.

A prescription written by an unlicensed person lawfully practicing medicine pursuant to Section 2065 of the Business and Professions Code, shall be filled only at a pharmacy maintained in the hospital which employs such unlicensed person.

Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1407.

No person shall write, issue, fill, compound, or dispense a prescription that does not conform to this division.

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 21, Sec. 4. (AB 1130) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)A prescription for a controlled substance shall only be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by an individual practitioner acting in the usual course of their professional practice. The responsibility for the proper prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances is upon the prescribing practitioner, but a corresponding responsibility rests with the pharmacist who fills the prescription. Except as authorized by this division, the following are not legal prescriptions:
(1)an order purporting to be a prescription which is issued not in the usual course of professional treatment or in legitimate and authorized research;

or (2) an order for a person with substance use disorder

or habitual user of controlled substances, which is issued not in the course of professional treatment or as part of an authorized narcotic treatment program, for the purpose of providing the user with controlled substances, sufficient to keep them comfortable by maintaining customary use.

(b)Any person who knowingly violates this section shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(c)No provision of the amendments to this section enacted during the second year of the

1981–82 Regular Session shall be construed as expanding the scope of practice of a pharmacist.

Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 149. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.

(a)No wholesaler or manufacturer, or agent or employee of a wholesaler or manufacturer, shall furnish controlled substances for other than legitimate medical purposes.
(b)Anyone who violates this section knowing, or having a conscious disregard for the fact, that the controlled substances are for other than a legitimate medical purpose shall be punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(c)Factors to be considered in

determining whether a wholesaler or manufacturer, or agent or employee of a wholesaler or manufacturer, furnished controlled substances knowing or having a conscious disregard for the fact that the controlled substances are for other than legitimate medical purposes shall include, but not be limited to, whether the use of controlled substances was for purposes of increasing athletic ability or performance, the amount of controlled substances furnished, the previous ordering pattern of the customer (including size and frequency of orders), the type and size of the customer, and where and to whom the customer distributes the product.

Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1403, Sec. 1.

(a)Except in the regular practice of his or her profession, no person shall knowingly prescribe, administer, dispense, or furnish a controlled substance to or for any person or animal which is not under his or her treatment for a pathology or condition other than addiction to a controlled substance, except as provided in this division.
(b)No person shall knowingly solicit, direct, induce, aid, or encourage a practitioner authorized to write a prescription to unlawfully prescribe, administer, dispense, or furnish a controlled substance.

Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1407.

Any physician, who by court order or order of any state or governmental agency, or who voluntarily surrenders his controlled substance privileges, shall not possess, administer, dispense, or prescribe a controlled substance unless and until such privileges have been restored, and he has obtained current registration from the appropriate federal agency as provided by law.

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 21, Sec. 5. (AB 1130) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Except as provided in Section 2241 of the Business and Professions Code, no person shall prescribe for, or administer, or dispense a controlled substance to, a person with substance use disorder, or to any person representing themselves as such, except as permitted by this

division.

(b)(1) For purposes of this section, “person with substance use disorder”

means a person whose actions are characterized by craving in combination with one or more of the following:

(A) Impaired control over drug use.

(B) Compulsive use.

(C) Continued use despite harm.

(2)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a person whose drug-seeking behavior is primarily due to the inadequate control of pain is not a person with substance use disorder within the meaning of this section.

Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1407.

No person shall issue a prescription that is false or fictitious in any respect.

Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 634, Sec. 2. (AB 2115) Effective September 27, 2024.

(a)Except as provided in Section 11159 or in subdivision (b) of this section, no controlled substance classified in Schedule II shall be dispensed without a prescription meeting the requirements of this chapter. Except as provided in Section 11159 or when dispensed directly to an ultimate user by a practitioner, other than a pharmacist or pharmacy, no controlled substance classified in Schedule III, IV, or V may be dispensed without a prescription meeting the requirements of this chapter.
(b)A practitioner specified in Section 11150 may dispense a controlled substance classified in Schedule II,

which may be from a hospital pharmacy inventory, directly to an ultimate user in either of the following circumstances:

(1)In an amount not to exceed a 72-hour supply for the patient in accordance with directions for use given by the dispensing practitioner only where the patient is not expected to require any additional

amount of the controlled substance beyond the 72 hours.

(2)For the purpose of initiating maintenance treatment or detoxification treatment, or both, for a person with an opioid use disorder. Not more than a three-day supply of such medication may be dispensed to the person at one time while arrangements are being made for referral for treatment. Such emergency treatment may not be renewed or extended.
(c)Except as otherwise prohibited or limited by law, a practitioner specified in Section 11150, may administer controlled substances in the regular practice of their profession.

Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 862, Sec. 1. (SB 607) Effective January 1, 2025.

(a)Except when a patient is being treated as set forth in Sections 11159, 11159.2, and 11167.5, and Article 2 (commencing with Section 11215) of Chapter 5, pertaining to the treatment of persons with substance use disorder, except when a patient is currently receiving hospice care, a prescriber shall discuss all of the following information with the patient, or if the patient is a minor, the minor, the minor’s parent or guardian, or another adult authorized to consent to the minor’s medical treatment, before directly dispensing or issuing to a patient the first prescription in a single course of treatment for a controlled substance containing an opioid:
(1)The risks of

addiction and overdose associated with the use of opioids.

(2)The increased risk of addiction to an opioid for an individual who is suffering from both mental and substance abuse disorders.
(3)The danger of taking an opioid with a benzodiazepine, alcohol, or another central nervous system depressant.
(4)Any other information required by law.
(b)This section does not apply in any of the following circumstances:
(1)If the patient’s treatment includes emergency services and care as defined in Section 1317.1.
(2)If the patient’s treatment is associated with, or incidental to, an emergency surgery, regardless of whether the surgery is performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis.
(3)If, in the prescriber’s professional judgment, fulfilling the requirements of subdivision (a) would be detrimental to the patient’s health or safety, or in violation of the patient’s legal rights regarding confidentiality.
(c)Notwithstanding any other law, including Section 11374, failure to comply with this section shall not constitute a criminal offense.

Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1407.

An order for controlled substances for use by a patient in a county or licensed hospital shall be exempt from all requirements of this article, but shall be in writing on the patient’s record, signed by the prescriber, dated, and shall state the name and quantity of the controlled substance ordered and the quantity actually administered. The record of such orders shall be maintained as a hospital record for a minimum of seven years.

Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 695, Sec. 52. Effective January 1, 2005.

An order for controlled substances furnished to a patient in a clinic which has a permit issued pursuant to Article 13 (commencing with Section 4180) of Chapter 9 of Division 2 of the Business and Professions Code, except an order for a Schedule II controlled substance, shall be exempt from the prescription requirements of this article and shall be in writing on the patient’s record, signed by the prescriber, dated, and shall state the name and quantity of the controlled substance ordered and the quantity actually furnished. The record of the order shall be maintained as a clinic record for a minimum of seven years. This section shall apply only to a clinic that has obtained a permit under the provisions of Article 13 (commencing with Section 4180) of Chapter 9 of Division 2 of the Business and Professions Code.

Clinics that furnish controlled substances shall be required to keep a separate record of the furnishing of those drugs which shall be available for review and inspection by all properly authorized personnel.

Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 487, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2006.

(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a prescription for a controlled substance for use by a patient who has a terminal illness may be written on a prescription form that does not meet the requirements of Section 11162.1 if the prescription meets the following requirements:
(1)Contain the information specified in subdivision (a) of Section 11164.
(2)Indicate that the prescriber has certified that the patient is terminally ill by the words “11159.2 exemption.”
(b)A pharmacist may fill a prescription pursuant to this section when there is a technical error in the certification required by paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), provided that he or she has personal knowledge of the patient’s terminal illness, and subsequently returns the prescription to the prescriber for correction within 72 hours.
(c)For purposes of this section, “terminally ill” means a patient who meets all of the following conditions:
(1)In the reasonable medical judgment of the prescribing physician, the patient has been determined to be suffering from an illness that is incurable and irreversible.
(2)In the reasonable medical judgment of the prescribing physician, the patient’s illness will, if the illness takes its normal course, bring about the death of the patient within a period of one year.
(3)The patient’s treatment by the physician prescribing a controlled substance pursuant to this section primarily is for the control of pain, symptom management, or both, rather than for cure of the illness.
(d)This section shall become operative on July 1, 2004.

Added by Stats. 2019, Ch. 705, Sec. 1. (SB 569) Effective January 1, 2020.

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, during a declared local, state, or federal emergency, if the California State Board of Pharmacy issues a notice that the board is waiving the application of the provisions of, or regulations adopted pursuant to, the Pharmacy Law, as specified in subdivision (b) of Section 4062 of the Business and Professions Code, a pharmacist may fill a prescription for a controlled substance for use by a patient who cannot access medications as a result of the declared local, state, or federal emergency, regardless of whether the prescription form meets the requirements of Section 11162.1, if the prescription meets the following requirements:
(1)Contains the information specified in subdivision (a) of Section 11164.
(2)Indicates that the patient is affected by a declared emergency with the words “11159.3 exemption” or a similar statement.
(3)Is written and dispensed within the first two weeks of the notice issued by the board.
(b)A pharmacist filling a prescription pursuant to this section shall do all of the following:
(1)Exercise appropriate professional judgment, including reviewing the patient’s activity report from the CURES Prescription Drug Monitoring Program before dispensing the medication.
(2)If the prescription is for a Schedule II controlled substance, dispense no greater than the amount needed for a seven-day supply.
(3)Require the patient to first demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the pharmacist, their inability to access medications. This demonstration may include, but is not limited to, verification of residency within an evacuation area.
(c)A pharmacist shall not refill a prescription that has been dispensed pursuant to this section.

Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 487, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2006.

(a)When a practitioner is named in a warrant of arrest or is charged in an accusatory pleading with a felony violation of Section 11153, 11154, 11156, 11157, 11170, 11173, 11350, 11351, 11352, 11353, 11353.5, 11377, 11378, 11378.5, 11379, 11379.5, or 11379.6, the court in which the accusatory pleading is filed or the magistrate who issued the warrant of arrest shall, upon the motion of a law enforcement agency which is supported by reasonable cause, issue an order which requires the practitioner to surrender to the clerk of the court all controlled substance prescription forms in the practitioner’s possession at a time set in the order and which prohibits the practitioner from obtaining, ordering, or using any additional prescription forms. The law enforcement agency obtaining the order shall notify the Department of Justice of this order. Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (e) of this section, the order shall remain in effect until further order of the court. Any practitioner possessing prescription forms in violation of the order is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b)The order provided by subdivision (a) shall be vacated if the court or magistrate finds that the underlying violation or violations are not supported by reasonable cause at a hearing held within two court days after the practitioner files and personally serves upon the prosecuting attorney and the law enforcement agency that obtained the order, a notice of motion to vacate the order with any affidavits on which the practitioner relies. At the hearing, the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, is on the prosecution. Evidence presented at the hearing shall be limited to the warrant of arrest with supporting affidavits, the motion to require the defendant to surrender controlled substance prescription forms and to prohibit the defendant from obtaining, ordering, or using controlled substance prescription forms, with supporting affidavits, the sworn complaint together with any documents or reports incorporated by reference thereto which, if based on information and belief, state the basis for the information, or any other documents of similar reliability as well as affidavits and counter affidavits submitted by the prosecution and defense. Granting of the motion to vacate the order is no bar to prosecution of the alleged violation or violations.
(c)The defendant may elect to challenge the order issued under subdivision (a) at the preliminary examination. At that hearing, the evidence shall be limited to that set forth in subdivision (b) and any other evidence otherwise admissible at the preliminary examination.
(d)If the practitioner has not moved to vacate the order issued under subdivision (a) by the time of the preliminary examination and he or she is held to answer on the underlying violation or violations, the practitioner shall be precluded from afterwards moving to vacate the order. If the defendant is not held to answer on the underlying charge or charges at the conclusion of the preliminary examination, the order issued under subdivision (a) shall be vacated.
(e)Notwithstanding subdivision (d), any practitioner who is diverted pursuant to Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1000) of Title 7 of Part 2 of the Penal Code may file a motion to vacate the order issued under subdivision (a).
(f)This section shall become operative on November 1, 2004.

Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 479, Sec. 2. (AB 1753) Effective January 1, 2019.

(a)Prescription forms for controlled substance prescriptions shall be obtained from security printers approved by the Department of Justice.
(b)The department may approve security printer applications after the applicant has provided the following information:
(1)Name, address, and telephone number of the applicant.
(2)Policies and procedures of the applicant for verifying the identity of the prescriber ordering controlled substance prescription forms.
(3)Policies and procedures of the applicant for verifying delivery of controlled substance prescription forms to

prescribers.

(4)(A) The location, names, and titles of the applicant’s agent for service of process in this state; all principal corporate officers, if any; all managing general partners, if any; and any individual owner, partner, corporate officer, manager, agent, representative, employee, or subcontractor of the applicant who has direct access to, or management or control of, controlled substance prescription forms.
(B)A report containing this information shall be made on an annual basis and within 30 days after any change of office, principal corporate officers, managing general partner, or of any person described in subparagraph (A).
(5)(A) A signed statement indicating whether the applicant, any principal corporate officer, any managing general partner, or any

individual owner, partner, corporate officer, manager, agent, representative, employee, or subcontractor of the applicant who has direct access to, or management or control of, controlled substance prescription forms, has ever been convicted of, or pled no contest to, a violation of any law of a foreign country, the United States, or any state, or of any local ordinance.

(B)The department shall provide the applicant and any individual owner, partner, corporate officer, manager, agent, representative, employee, or subcontractor of the applicant who has direct access to, or management or control of, controlled substance prescription forms, with the means and direction to provide fingerprints and related information, in a manner specified by the department, for the purpose of completing state, federal, or foreign criminal background checks.
(C)Any applicant described in subdivision
(b)shall submit his or her fingerprint images and related information to the department, for the purpose of the department obtaining information as to the existence and nature of a record of state, federal, or foreign level convictions and state, federal, or foreign level arrests for which the department establishes that the applicant was released on bail or on his or her own recognizance pending trial, as described in subdivision (l) of Section 11105 of the Penal Code. Requests for federal level criminal offender record information received by the department pursuant to this section shall be forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation by the department.

(D) The department shall assess against each security printer applicant a fee determined by the department to be sufficient to cover all processing, maintenance, and investigative costs generated from or associated with completing state, federal, or foreign background checks and

inspections of security printers pursuant to this section with respect to that applicant; the fee shall be paid by the applicant at the time he or she submits the security printer application, fingerprints, and related information to the department.

(E) The department shall retain fingerprint impressions and related information for subsequent arrest notification pursuant to Section 11105.2 of the Penal Code for all applicants.

(c)The department may, within 60 calendar days of receipt of the application from the applicant, deny the security printer application.
(d)The department may deny a security printer application on any of the following grounds:
(1)The applicant, any individual owner, partner, corporate officer, manager, agent, representative,

employee, or subcontractor for the applicant, who has direct access, management, or control of controlled substance prescription forms, has been convicted of a crime. A conviction within the meaning of this paragraph means a plea or verdict of guilty or a conviction following a plea of nolo contendere. Any action which a board is permitted to take following the establishment of a conviction may be taken when the time for appeal has elapsed, the judgment of conviction has been affirmed on appeal, or when an order granting probation is made suspending the imposition of sentence, irrespective of a subsequent order under the provisions of Section 1203.4 of the Penal Code.

(2)The applicant committed any act involving dishonesty, fraud, or deceit with the intent to substantially benefit himself, herself, or another, or substantially injure another.
(3)The applicant committed any act

that would constitute a violation of this division.

(4)The applicant knowingly made a false statement of fact required to be revealed in the application to produce controlled substance prescription forms.
(5)The department determines that the applicant failed to demonstrate adequate security procedures relating to the production and distribution of controlled substance prescription forms.
(6)The department determines that the applicant has submitted an incomplete application.
(7)As a condition for its approval as a security printer, an applicant shall authorize the Department of Justice to make any examination of the books and records of the applicant, or to visit and inspect the applicant during business hours, to the extent deemed necessary by the

board or department to properly enforce this section.

(e)An approved applicant shall submit an exemplar of a controlled substance prescription form, with all security features, to the Department of Justice within 30 days of initial production.
(f)The department shall maintain a list of approved security printers and the department shall make this information available to prescribers and other appropriate government agencies, including the Board of Pharmacy.
(g)Before printing any controlled substance prescription forms, a security printer shall verify with the appropriate licensing board that the prescriber possesses a license and current prescribing privileges which permits the prescribing of controlled substances with the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
(h)Controlled substance prescription forms shall be provided directly to the prescriber either in person, by certified mail, or by a means that requires a signature signifying receipt of the package and provision of that signature to the security printer. Controlled substance prescription forms provided in person shall be restricted to established customers. Security printers shall obtain a photo identification from the customer and maintain a log of this information. Controlled substance prescription forms shall be shipped only to the prescriber’s address on file and verified with the federal Drug Enforcement Administration or the Medical Board of California.
(i)Security printers shall retain ordering and delivery records in a readily retrievable manner for individual prescribers for three years.
(j)Security printers

shall produce ordering and delivery records upon request by an authorized officer of the law as defined in Section 4017 of the Business and Professions Code.

(k)Security printers shall report any theft or loss of controlled substance prescription forms to the Department of Justice via fax or email within 24 hours of the theft or loss.
(l)(1) The department shall impose restrictions, sanctions, or penalties, subject to subdivisions (m) and (n), against security printers who are not in compliance with this division pursuant to regulations implemented pursuant to this division and shall revoke its approval of a security printer for a violation of this division or action that would permit a denial pursuant to subdivision (d) of this section.
(2)When the department revokes its approval, it shall

notify the appropriate licensing boards and remove the security printer from the list of approved security printers.

(m)The following violations by security printers shall be punishable pursuant to subdivision (n):
(1)Failure to comply with the Security Printer Guidelines established by the Security Printer Program as a condition of approval.
(2)Failure to take reasonable precautions to prevent any dishonest act or illegal activity related to the access and control of security prescription forms.
(3)Theft or fraudulent use of a prescriber’s identity in order to obtain security prescription forms.
(n)A security printer approved pursuant to subdivision (b) shall be subject to the

following penalties for actions leading to the denial of a security printer application specified in subdivision (d) or for a violation specified in subdivision (m):

(1)For a first violation, a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000).
(2)For a second or subsequent violation, a fine not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) for each violation.
(3)For a third or subsequent violation, a filing of an administrative disciplinary action seeking to suspend or revoke security printer approval.
(o)In order to facilitate the standardization of all prescription forms and the serialization of prescription forms with unique identifiers, the Department of Justice may cease issuing new approvals of security printers to the extent necessary

to achieve these purposes. The department may, pursuant to regulation, reduce the number of currently approved security printers to no fewer than three vendors. The department shall ensure that any reduction or limitation of approved security printers does not impact the ability of vendors to meet demand for prescription forms.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.

Open the section link to read its full text.