Chapter 2 - General Provisions

California Health and Safety Code — §§ 7050.5-7055

Sections (15)

Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 404, Sec. 1.

(a)Every person who knowingly mutilates or disinters, wantonly disturbs, or willfully removes any human remains in or from any location other than a dedicated cemetery without authority of law is guilty of a misdemeanor, except as provided in Section 5097.99 of the Public Resources Code. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any person carrying out an agreement developed pursuant to subdivision (

l) of Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code or to any person authorized to implement Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

(b)In the event of discovery or recognition of any human remains in any location other than a dedicated cemetery, there shall be no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent remains until the coroner of the county in which the human remains are discovered has determined, in accordance with Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 27460) of Part 3 of Division 2 of Title 3 of the Government Code, that the remains are not subject to the provisions of Section 27491 of the Government Code or any other related provisions of law concerning investigation of the circumstances, manner and cause of any death, and the recommendations concerning the treatment and disposition of the human remains have been made to the person responsible for the excavation, or to his or her authorized representative, in the manner provided in Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code. The coroner shall make his or her determination within two working days from the time the person responsible for the excavation, or his or her authorized representative, notifies the coroner of the discovery or recognition of the human remains.

(c)If the coroner determines that the remains are not subject to his or her authority and if the coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American, or has reason to believe that they are those of a Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the Native American Heritage Commission.

§ 7051

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 34. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

(a)A person who removes part of any human remains from a place where it has been interred, or from a place where it is deposited while awaiting interment, cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis, with intent to sell it or to dissect it, without authority of law, or written permission of the person or persons having the right to control the remains under Section 7100, or with malice or wantonness, has committed a public offense that is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code.

(b)This section does not prohibit the removal of foreign materials, pacemakers, or prostheses from cremated, reduced, or hydrolyzed human remains by an employee of a

licensed crematory, reduction facility, or hydrolysis facility prior to final processing of remains. Dental gold or silver, jewelry, or mementos, to the extent that they can be identified, may be removed by the employee prior to final processing if the equipment is such that it will not process these materials. However, any dental gold and silver, jewelry, or mementos that are removed shall be returned to the urn, cremated remains container, reduced human remains container, or hydrolyzed human remains container, unless otherwise directed by the person or persons having the right to control the disposition.

§ 7051.5

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 35. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

A person who removes or possesses dental gold or silver, jewelry, or mementos from human remains without specific written permission of the person or persons having the right to control those remains under Section 7100 is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code. The fact that residue and any unavoidable dental gold or dental silver, or other precious metals remain in the cremation chamber, reduction chamber, hydrolysis chamber, or other equipment or a container used in a prior cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis is not a violation of this section.

§ 7052

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 36. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

(a)A person who willfully mutilates, disinters, removes from the place of interment, or commits an act of sexual penetration on, or has sexual contact with, remains known to be human, without authority of law, is guilty of a felony. This section does not apply to a person who, under authority of law, removes the remains for reinterment, or performs a cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis.

(b)For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:

(1)“Sexual penetration” means the unlawful penetration of the vagina or anus, however slight, by any part of a person’s body or other object, or any act of sexual contact between the

sex organs of a person and the mouth or anus of a dead body, or any oral copulation of a dead human body for the purpose of sexual arousal, gratification, or abuse.

(2)“Sexual contact” means any willful touching by a person of an intimate part of a dead human body for the purpose of sexual arousal, gratification, or abuse.

§ 7052.5

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 37. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7052, cremated, reduced, or hydrolyzed human remains may be removed from the place of interment for disposition as provided in Section 7054.5 or 7054.6 or for burial at sea as provided in Section 7117.

§ 7053

Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 874, Sec. 34. Effective January 1, 2004.

Every person who arrests, attaches, detains, or claims to detain any human remains for any debt or demand, or upon any pretended lien or charge, or fails to release any human remains, the personal effects, or any certificate or permit required under Division 102 (commencing with Section 102100) that is in his or her possession or control forthwith upon the delivery of authorization for the release signed by the next of kin or by any person entitled to the custody of the remains, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

§ 7054

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 38. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

(a)(1) Except as authorized pursuant to the sections referred to in subdivision (b), a person who deposits or disposes of human remains in any place, except in a cemetery, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

(2)Every licensee or registrant pursuant to Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 7600) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code and the agents and employees of the licensee or registrant, or an unlicensed person acting in a capacity in which a license from the Cemetery and Funeral Bureau is required, who, except as authorized pursuant to the sections referred to in subdivision (b), deposits or disposes of human remains in any place, except in a cemetery,

is guilty of a misdemeanor that shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both that imprisonment and fine.

(b)(1) Cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains may be disposed of pursuant to Sections 7054.6, 7116, 7117, and 103060.

(2)Reduced human remains may be disposed of pursuant to Sections 7054.5, 7116, and 103060.

(c)Subdivision (a) of this section shall not apply to the reburial of Native American remains under an agreement developed pursuant to subdivision (l) of Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code, or implementation of a recommendation or agreement made pursuant to Section

5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

§ 7054.1

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 39. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023.

Cremated, reduced, or hydrolyzed human remains shall not be removed from the place of cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis, and there shall not be a charge for the cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis, unless the remains have been processed so that they are suitable for inurnment. Every contract for cremation, reduction, or hydrolysis services shall include specific written notification of the processing to the person having the right to control the disposition of the remains under Section 7100.

§ 7054.3

Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 377.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a recognizable dead human fetus of less than 20 weeks uterogestation not disposed of by interment shall be disposed of by incineration.

§ 7054.4

Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 883.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, recognizable anatomical parts, human tissues, anatomical human remains, or infectious waste following conclusion of scientific use shall be disposed of by interment, incineration, or any other method determined by the state department to protect the public health and safety.

As used in this section, “infectious waste” means any material or article which has been, or may have been, exposed to contagious or infectious disease.

§ 7054.5

Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 40. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023. Operative January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.

(a)Reduced human remains may be disposed of by integration into the topsoil by the person having the right to control the disposition of the remains pursuant to Section 7100.

(b)A reduction facility may integrate reduced human remains into the topsoil of a conservation area if the person having the right to control the disposition of those remains has agreed, in writing, to that disposition.

(c)Integration of reduced human remains into soil below the topsoil is a violation of Section 7054.

(d)For purposes of this section, the following

definitions apply:

(1)“Conservation area” means an area of land that is protected and cannot be built on, that is only used for the conservation of nature.

(2)“Topsoil” means the outermost layer of soil.

(e)This section shall become operative on January 1, 2027.

§ 7054.6

Repealed (in Sec. 60) and added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 846, Sec. 61. (AB 967) Effective January 1, 2018. Section operative July 1, 2020, by its own provisions.

(a)Except as provided in subdivision (b), cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains may be removed in a durable container from the place of cremation, hydrolysis, or interment and kept in or on the real property owned or occupied by a person described in Section 7100 or any other person, with the permission of the person with the right to disposition, or the durable container holding the cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains may be kept in a church or religious shrine, if written permission of the church or religious shrine is obtained and there is no conflict with local use permit requirements or zoning laws, if the removal is under the authority of a permit for disposition granted under Section 103060. The placement, in any place, of six or more cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains under this section does

not constitute the place a cemetery, as defined in Section 7003.

(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains may be placed in one or more keepsake urns. Keepsake urns shall be kept as authorized by the person or persons with the right to control disposition pursuant to Section 7100, provided that a permit for disposition of human remains pursuant to Section 103060 is issued by the local registrar for each keepsake urn designating the home address of each person receiving a keepsake urn and a permit fee pursuant to Section 103065 is paid. No keepsake urn shall be subject to Section 8345. For purposes of this section, a keepsake urn shall mean a closed durable container that will accommodate an amount of cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains not to exceed one cubic centimeter.

(c)Prior to disposition of cremated remains or

hydrolyzed human remains, every licensee or registrant pursuant to Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 7600) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code, and the agents and employees of the licensee or registrant shall do all of the following:

(1)Remove the cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains from the place of cremation or hydrolysis in a durable container.

(2)Keep the cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains in a durable container.

(3)Store the cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains in a place free from exposure to the elements.

(4)Responsibly maintain the cremated remains or hydrolyzed human remains.

(d)This section shall become operative on July 1,

2020.

§ 7054.7

Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 570, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1995.

(a)Except with the express written permission of the person entitled to control the disposition of the remains, no person shall:

(1)Cremate the remains of more than one person at the same time in the same cremation chamber, or introduce the remains of a second person into a cremation chamber until incineration of any preceding remains has been terminated and reasonable efforts have been employed to remove all fragments of the preceding remains. The fact that there is residue in the cremation chamber or other equipment or any container used in a prior cremation is not a violation of this section.

(2)Dispose of or scatter cremated remains in a manner or in a location that the remains are commingled with those of another person. This paragraph shall not apply to the scattering of cremated remains at sea from individual containers or to the disposal in a dedicated cemetery of accumulated residue removed from a cremation chamber or other cremation equipment.

(3)Place cremated or uncremated remains of more than one person in the same container or the same interment space. This paragraph shall not apply to the following:

(A)Interment of members of the same family in a common container designed for the cremated remains of more than one person.

(B)Interment in a space or container that has been previously designated at the time of sale as being intended for the interment of remains of more than one person.

(C)Disposal in a dedicated cemetery of residue removed from a cremation chamber or other cremation equipment.

(b)Written acknowledgement from the person entitled to control the disposition of the cremated remains shall be obtained by the person with whom arrangements are made for disposition of the remains on a form that includes, but is not limited to, the following information: “The human body burns with the casket, container, or other material in the cremation chamber. Some bone fragments are not combustible at the incineration temperature and, as a result, remain in the cremation chamber. During the cremation, the contents of the chamber may be moved to facilitate incineration. The chamber is composed of ceramic or other material which disintegrates slightly during each cremation and the product of that disintegration is commingled with the cremated remains. Nearly all of the contents of the cremation chamber, consisting of the cremated remains, disintegrated chamber material, and small amounts of residue from previous cremations, are removed together and crushed, pulverized, or ground to facilitate inurnment or scattering. Some residue remains in the cracks and uneven places of the chamber. Periodically, the accumulation of this residue is removed and interred in a dedicated cemetery property, or scattered at sea.” The acknowledgment shall be filed and retained, for at least five years, by the person who disposes of or inters the remains.

(c)Any person, including any corporation or partnership, knowingly violating any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

§ 7054.8

Added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 846, Sec. 62. (AB 967) Effective January 1, 2018. Section operative July 1, 2020, by its own provisions.

(a)Except with the express written permission of the person entitled to control the disposition of the remains, no person shall do any of the following:

(1)Hydrolyze the remains of more than one person at the same time in the same hydrolysis chamber, or introduce the remains of a second person into a hydrolysis chamber until dissolution of any preceding remains has been terminated and reasonable efforts have been employed to remove all fragments of the preceding remains. The fact that there is residue in the hydrolysis chamber or other equipment or any container used in a prior hydrolysis is not a violation of this section.

(2)Dispose of or scatter hydrolyzed human remains in a

manner or in such a location that the remains are commingled with those of another person. This paragraph shall not apply to the scattering of hydrolyzed human remains at sea from individual containers or to the disposal in a dedicated cemetery of accumulated residue removed from processing equipment.

(3)Place hydrolyzed human remains or other remains of more than one person in the same container or the same interment space. This paragraph shall not apply to the following:

(A)Interment of members of the same family in a common container designed for the hydrolyzed human remains of more than one person.

(B)Interment in a space or container that has been previously designated at the time of sale as being intended for the interment of remains of more than one person.

(C)Disposal in a dedicated cemetery of residue removed from processing equipment.

(b)Written acknowledgment from the person entitled to control the disposition of the hydrolyzed human remains shall be obtained by the person with whom arrangements are made for disposition of the remains on a form that includes, but is not limited to, the following information: “The human body is hydrolyzed with organic protein-based material such as wool, silk, cotton, or other protein-based material in the hydrolysis chamber. Bone fragments are not hydrolyzable and, as a result, remain in the chamber. The hydrolyzed remains will be dried and crushed, pulverized, or ground to facilitate inurnment or scattering.” The acknowledgment shall be filed and retained, for at least five years, by the person who disposes of or inters the remains.

(c)A person, including any corporation or partnership, that violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

(d)This section shall become operative on July 1, 2020.

§ 7054.9

Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 399, Sec. 41. (AB 351) Effective January 1, 2023. Operative January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.

(a)Except with the express written permission of the person entitled to control the disposition of the reduced human remains, a person shall not do any of the following:

(1)Reduce the remains of more than one person at the same time and in the same reduction chamber, or introduce the remains of a second person into the reduction chamber until the reduction of preceding remains has been terminated and reasonable efforts have been employed to remove all fragments of preceding remains. The fact that there is residue in the reduction chamber or other equipment or a container used in a prior reduction does not violate this section.

(2)Dispose of reduced human remains in a manner or location that the remains are commingled with those of another person. This paragraph does not apply to the disposition of accumulated residue removed from equipment used in the reduction of human remains.

(3)Place reduced human remains or the remains of more than one person in the same reduced human remains container, except as follows:

(A)Members of the same family may be placed in a common container designed for the reduced remains of more than one person.

(B)Reduced human remains may be placed in a container that has been previously designated, at the time of sale, as being intended for

the remains of more than one person.

(C)Disposal of the residue removed from equipment used in the reduction of human remains.

(b)(1) A person, including a corporation or partnership, that violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

(2)Written authorization by the person entitled to control the disposition of the remains for the reduction facility to integrate the reduced human remains into the soil of a conservation area, as provided in Section 7054.5, is sufficient to comply with the permission requirement of subdivision (a).

(c)This section shall become operative on January 1,

2027.